【摘要】 <正> 在地质历史中有几个主要成磷时期,而各个时期的磷块岩矿床又具有一定的分布规律。在晚白垩世到早第三纪时期,形成了巨大的工业磷矿床,其储量居世界首位,主要分布在地中海沿岸国家和南美哥伦比亚。其次是二叠纪时期,磷矿主要分布在美国西部。第三是震旦—寒武纪时期,磷矿主要分布在亚洲和澳洲,并多集中在我国,形成了我国最重要的磷块岩矿床。它不仅储量大、类型多、而且分布广。这对研究磷酸盐的沉积机理、成矿条件以及更多还原

【Abstract】 The phosphorite deposits of the Sinian-Cambrian ages are distributed mainly in Asia and Australia, and mostly in China, According to their geotectonic positions, these deposits might be assigned to six regions: 1) Altai-East Sayan Ergune fold belt; 2)Urutau-Tienshan-Xinggan fold belt; 3) Sino-Korean Paraplatform;4) Yangzi Paraplatform; 5) Tarim platform and 6) Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun fold belt. The phosphorite deposits occurring in 1st and 2nd regions are of geosyncline type and those in the 3rd to 6th regions are of platform type. The phosphorite deposits of geosyncline type occurring along the border or in the intermediate massifs of the geosyncline are chiefly distributed in the USSR and Mongolia. They were formed during the early stage or the adult stage of the development of geosyncline. This important sort of deposits has not yet been discovered in China. The deposits of the platform type formed in the relatively stable stage of the platform are distributed in China, and mainly in south China. The Sinian deposits occur in the depressed belt within the platform, while the Lower Cambrian ones are found in the marginal region of the platform. The Sinian-Cambrian deposits are characterized by a marked zonal distribution and their fixed stratigraphic positions. In the geosynclinal areas from north southward, the phosphorite deposits of the above 1st region occur in Wende series (corresponding to Sinian series), belonging to the miogeosyncline type and existing in the Caledonian fold belt, while those of ? the 2nd region occur in Lower Cambrian, belonging to the eugeosyncline type and existing in the Hercynian fold belt. As for things on platforms, from south to north, the Sinian deposits are distibuted separately in the Yangzi paraplatform and in the southern part of the Qinling fold belt, the stratigraphic Positions of the Lower Cambrian deposits are higher in the northern part than in the southern part, i. e., they occur in the Lower Cambrian strata in the southern part of Qinling, but in the Middle Lower Cambrian strata on Sino-Korean paraplatform, and the deposits in Tarim and Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun regions seem to exist mostly between these two stratigraphic positions, and partly at the same position as those on the Sino-Korean paraplatform. The major deposits observed in geosynclinal regions of the North and Yangzi paraplatform of the South are of large dimensions and those in areas between these two regions are of medium or small sizes. This might have something to do with the time of the transgression of the northern and southern seas as well as the changes in paleoclimate in these regions. The phosphorite deposits on the whole overlie tillite beds, which suggests a genetic relationship between them. The phosphorite deposits have very similar rock formations provided that their stratigraphic positions are identical. As regards the large-sized deposits, especially the Sinian deposits of both geosyncline and platform types, all phosphorite-bearing sedimentary rock series are of dark shale-silicilith-carbonate formation, whereas the medium or small sized phosphorite deposits are unexceptionally in existence within the Middle Early Cambrian strata and belong to terrigenous-carbonate formation.更多还原