【摘要】 <正> 对北京猿人遗址的综合研究,确定了周口店的上新统及更新统在华北上新生界系统中的位置。从气候地层学原则研究这些地层的归属建立华北区晚新生代以来气候序列,无疑是解决我国新生代地质发展史及古气候史的重要途径。这项研究也将为广大平原,滨海及浅海利用钻孔研究地层提供对比依据。同时还为采用生物地层学原则及气候地层学原则划分同一地层找到了可以相互沟通的桥梁。更多还原

【Abstract】 Over half a century has elapsed since the researches on the Late Tertiary and Quaternary at Zhoukoudian started. Based on the studies in climatstratigraphy, chronology and palaeontology, the stratigraphic sequence has been determined for the deposits both inside and outside the cave, during the comprehensive research on the site of Peking Man in 1978 & 1979, No doubt, such a study is crucial to reveal the geological development and climatic changes of North China in Late Cenozoic.The Lower Pliocene series distributed in a large subterranean horizontal cave on the planation plane of the "Tongxiang stage", contains subterranean fluviolacustrine deposits and is denominated the Yuling Formation（N₂¹-y）. It reflects climatic characteristics similar to those of the present humid and hot subtropical zone in China.The Upper Pliocene series was formed on the slightly dissected erosion surface （"X stage"） and is called the Donglingzi Formation （N₂²-d）. It was formed under climatic conditions similar to those of the present semihumid forest-steppe climate in the north subtropical zone in China.The stratigraphic sequence of Pliocene series at Zhoukoudian is shown in Table.The Pleistocene includes mainly cave deposits which in the Peking Man cave was subdivded into 17 layers. The 17th and 16th layers belong to Lower Pleistocene, dated about 1m. y. B. P.; the 15th and 14th layers termed as Lunggushan Formation form the lower part of Middle Pleistocene, and are dated at 700,000 to 800,000 years B. P.; the 13th layer and its overlying sediments termed as Zhoukoudian Formantion of Middle Pleistocene, and the is dated from 230,000 to 700,000 years B.P.The Early Pleistocene and the early Mid-Pleistocene epochs had warn-temperate and semihumid climate. Besides, between the Lower and Middle Pleistocene there is a conspicuous erosion surface, that represents a period when the underground water table fell and the run-off decreased. The Zhoukoudian Formation may be divided into five members signifying different climatic characteristics given as follows:The fifth member, dated from 700,000 to 600,000 years B. P. is a temperate and semihumid phase, but interrupted by some shorttermed cool and arid episodes.The fourth member dated from 600,000 to 370,000 years B.P., Generally it reflect a semiarid and temperate climate, tending to arid and cold, However a shorttermed warm episode appeared at about 400,000 years B. P.The third member formed from 370,000 to 300,000 years B. P. is a temperate semihumid product, but tending to warm climate.The second member dated at 300,000 to 250,000 years B. P. reflects a warm and arid climate.The first member dated 250,000 to 230,000 years B. P. signifies a semihumid and temperate climate with a very short-termed temperate and humid interval of chemical corrosion. There was great change in the mammalian fauna for example, instead of Hyaena brevirostris sinensis, appeared the crocuta crocuta ultima.It can be seen from the preceding account that the Zhoukoudian stage is characterized by a temperate climate with warm and raing summer and cold and arid winter, which is typical of the East-Asian monsoon climate. At the same time, there was evidently an alternation of the humid warm and arid cold phases.The upper pleistocene is represented by deposits inside the"New cave", "Upper cave", the alluvial deposits containing Palaeoloxdon naumanni, the loess with fossilsoil of brown-earth type and Malan loess, and dated at about 200,000 to 10,200 years B. P., There were two humid and warm stages, One at about 100,000 years B. P. the other at about 40,000 years B. P.. Otherwise it was arid and cold.The stratigraphic sequence and climatic characteristics of the Pleistocene at Zhoukoudian is shown in Figl.更多还原