【摘要】 <正> 蘑菇是价廉味美而营养高的一种副食品。国内蘑菇培养事业近年来有很大发展,但由于病虫害的影响,使生产受到很大的损失。在各种病虫害中以蘑菇线虫的危害占重要位置,有的菇房因线虫的蔓延使蘑菇减产达90％左右。林津添(1980)调查本省16个县的部分蘑菇房,100％有线虫侵害,而且强度甚大。国外蘑菇线虫问题亦有报道,由于线虫存在使蘑菇减产甚至达到没有经济效益程度,对蘑菇培植有影响及危害的线虫有数十种,危害性最大有茎线虫(Ditylenchus)等种类(Farkas,1972;Webster,1972;横尾多美男,1959等)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The present communication reports the results of observations on nematodes collected from thirteen mushroom houses in the suburbs of Xiamen from March 1981 to May 1982. 15 kinds of nematodes were found, including the following; Ditylenchus myceliophagus Goodey, 1958, Aphelenchoides composticola Franklin, 1957, Pelodera (Cy-lindridera) icosiensis (Maupas, 1916) Daugherty, 1955, Panagrolaimus rigidus (Schneider, 1866) Thome, 1937, Trilabiatus sp., and Acrobeloidea sp.. The first two species in the list above were found to produce greater harm to the mushroom due to the large number of them, reaching 155, 133 in 20 grams of material examined. They caused the mycelia to become rotten, hence inhibiting the formation of the mushrooms.When mushrooms were harvested, the culture-houses were not in use from March to October. They were examined during this time for nematodes. All the shelves and posts from the culture-beds as well as the soils were found to be important sources of the disease in the forthcoming crop of mushroom cultivation.An attempt on the cultivation of the nematodes in the laboratory was made. It was indicated that Ditylenchus myceliophagus and Aphelenchoides compasticola, could grow and develop on the mushroommycelia which in turn grew on the potato-agar culture, while the cultivation of other nematodes listed above could be made by using yeasts instead of mushroom-mycelia. The experiments also showed that the life cycle of the nematodes was very short. The necessary time, from egg to larva, was 12 hours at 28-29℃. It took about 3-7 days for the larvae to become adults.Some experiments on the resistance of nematodes against some chemical reagents were made and it was indicated that the iodine liquid had a better effect for killing the nema-todes. Other experiments showed that nematodes had higher resistance to low tempe- rature; 80-90% of them could live in -8℃ for 14 hours. Nevertheless, they had low resistance against the high temperature. At 50℃, they could be killed in 20 minutes. These several species of nematodes had relatively high resistance to dessication. In a culture-medium, which had been dried, some of the nematodes could still live for 74 days. Under dry conditions, they coil themselves in the culture. Some of them could be immediately revived to normal appearance when some water was added.更多还原