【摘要】 人的硒缺乏和中毒症状在国外均无肯定证据,本文对两种疾病在我国同时发生的自然条件及人为因素进行了描述。恩施为我国最早发现的有肯定证据的高硒地区,该地区石煤中硒含量最高值超过80,000ppm,为世界所罕见。煤中的硒通过风化及生物活动而聚积于土壤中,由于以往农村单调的膳食和自产自给的食物习惯,土壤中过多或过少的硒均可通过食物而影响到人体。恩施县于1961—1964年时发生中毒大流行,其促成原因主要为天旱谷物欠收,居民多食含硒量高的食品所致。此外,由于自然灾害居民营养状况较差,增加了对硒的毒性的敏感性。人的主要中毒症状是脱发及脱甲,部分病人出现神经症状和皮肤损害。牲畜经常发生硷毒病(Alkali Disease),某些植物亦遭受损害。比较中毒及缺乏地区蔬菜、粮及发、血、尿中硒的含量,相差常在千倍以上,本文还讨论了用发、血及尿硒浓度作为缺乏及中毒指标的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The appearance of selenium poisoning in Enshi County was basically due to the exceedingly high selenium contents of stony coal distributed in that area. Weathering process would bring part of the coal selenium to the soil and thus make its way to crops and vegetables. The monotonus peasants’ diclary pattern helped to render selenium finding its way into human body. Drought would concentrate the soil solution and increase the selenium contents of plants. Due to the failure of rice, people had to take more vegetables and corn instead, these were much higher in selenium content. In addition, in an attempt to increase their crop yield during those years, peasants used to apply large amount of ashes of plants from hills over the coal deposit, it would bring considerable amount of selenium from selenium accumulated plants over to the soil. On the other hand, because of the failure of crops, people could not afford to have much protein foods as usual, this would accentuate the toxicity of excess selenium in their meal. This was the basic reason why selenium poisoning of man occurred in China in those years. Three types of clinical signs in man were observed during the heavy prevalence in 1961-1964. Symptoms were loss of hairs, loss of both hairs and nails and paralysis. Loss of hairs and/or nails was symptom observed in every patient. Skin lesion was also observed in some cases. Signs of changes in the nervous system appeared in a few cases in a heavy prevalence village. Both livestock poisoning and plant injury were also observed in the affected seleniferous area.Results from selenium measurement of environments revealed that the source of selenium in this seleniferous area was stony coal of which the highest selenium content was found to exceed 80,000 ppm. There were more than 1,000-fold differences when the selenium contents of vegetables, cereals, scalp hair, blood and urine in areas of selenium poisoning were compared with those of selenium deficiency. The validity of selenium levels of hair, blood and urine of residents used as parameters of either selenium deficiency or poisoning was discussed.更多还原