【摘要】 通过对抗寒力不同的五个苹果属果树品种所进行的形态学、解剖学和细胞学的观察,抗寒力强的品种表现如下:生长较早,进入休眠也较早且休眠较深。枝条木质化程度较高,进入休眠时,木质化增加较早且快,解除休眠时木质化较早降低。生长早期,气孔开放较大,晚期较小。保卫细胞及栅栏细胞较小,栅栏细胞较细长,其内叶绿体数目较多。生长早期叶绿体面积较大,生长晚期则较缩小。保卫细胞核质比率较大。进入休眠时,叶绿体集中与凝聚、质壁分离、胞间连丝中断、细胞质川流均停止较早且快,解除休眠时复原较早且快。花青素含量较高,进入休眠时增加较早且快,解除休眠时,减少较早且快。淀粉含量较高,进入休眠时,淀粉转变成脂肪较早且快,深度休眠时,脂肪含量较高,解除休眠时,脂肪转变成淀粉较早且快。更多还原

【Abstract】 The strongly cold resistant varieties of Malus sp. as compared with the weak ones have the following characteristics.Both starting growth and entering dormancy are earlier and dor-mancy is deeper. The lignification of the shoot is higher in degree and proceeds at a faster rate. During the early growth period, the stomata of ths leaves open wider, but during the later growth period, they close to a smaller apertures. Both the stomata and palisade cells are sma-ller. The palisade cells are slender. The number of chloroplasts in the palisade cells is greater. During the early growth period, the area of the chloroplasts is greater, but it decreases during the later growth pe-riod.The nuclear cytoplasmic ratio n/c of stomata is greater. when en-tering dormancy, the percentage of centering and agglutination of the ch-lorsplasts, plasmolysis, disappearence of plasmodesmata and the stop of cytoplasmic circulation are higher and earlier; but all are just the reverse when out of dormancy. The content of anthocynin is higher; it increases earlier and faster as entering dormancy; but just the reverse as out of dormancy. The content of starch is higher when entering dormancy, the chang of starch to oil is earlier and faster; during deep dormancy the content of oil is higher;when out of dormancy, the change of oil to starch is earlier and faster.更多还原