【摘要】 八倍体小黑麦与普通小麦杂交,后代可以出现亲本类型八倍体小黑麦、普通小麦和普通小麦附加黑麦染色体异附加系与异代换系,对改进八倍体小黑麦的株高、熟期、结实率、籽粒饱满度有一定的效果,也可以选育抗病、耐旱较亲本增产的普通小麦新品种。细胞学观察结果:F₁染色体基本型为21_Ⅱ+7_Ⅰ,F₂染色体数变动在42～56之间,其染色体组合多为21_Ⅱ+3_Ⅰ、21_Ⅱ+4_Ⅰ,减数分裂行为不正常,F₃—F₅获得一些2n=21_Ⅱ、2n=28_Ⅱ、2n=21Ⅰ+1Ⅰ类型。利用八倍体小黑麦与普通小麦杂交是选育八倍体小黑麦,普通小麦新品种途径之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 When Triticale 8x is crossed with Triticum aestivum,its offspringmay give rise to parent forms of Triticale 8x,Triticum aestivum and dif-ferent addition lines and substitution lines.It has a definite effect uponthe improvement of plant height,maturity,seed setting and plumpnessof grain of Triticale 8x.And it can also be used to breed for new formsof Triticum aestivum with disease-resistance,drought-resistance andhigher productivity.As a result of cytological observation,the chromosome configurationof F₁ is 21_Ⅱ+7_Ⅰ.In F₂,the chromosome number varies from 42 to 56.The chromosome configurations are usually 21_Ⅱ+3_Ⅰ,21_Ⅱ+4_Ⅰ.The be-havior of reduction division is not normal,in F₃-F₅ we obtained someforms of 2n=21Ⅱ,2n=28Ⅱ,2n=21Ⅱ+1Ⅰ.Crossing Triticale 8x with Triticum aestivum is one of the means ofbreeding for new forms of Triticale 8x and Triticum aestivum.更多还原