【摘要】 本试验选用抗病性较强的球茎大麦（2n=28）为父本,以普通小麦（2n=42）为母本,进行属间杂交,授粉24小时后,在母本柱头上滴赤霉酸,促使幼胚生长,以中国春单体5B 为母本杂交,获得了少量结实的杂交种子;以中国春为母本的,则结合离体培养杂种幼胚,以获得属间杂种。杂种自花不育,而以中国春单体5B 与之回交,获得三株回交一代杂种（B₁F₁）。杂种 F₁与 B₁F₁代的植株性状有明显的杂种优势; 二者穗部形态结构基本相似,均为穗形细长、有芒似父本,而小穗之多花性则似母本;F₁和 B₁F₁与其父本球茎大麦一样对赤霉病和白粉病等严重的小麦病害具有抗性。观察其染色体数,F₁在24～30之间,而B₁F₁染色体数在45～49之间（其中大多数终变期细胞有20～21个配对的二价体,3～7个单价体）。B₁F₁代自交与回交均有部分结实。预计经过继续自交和回交,可能在后代中获得抗病的小麦异附加系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Some intergeneric hybrids between wheat variety Chinese spring（2n=6x=42）and H.bulbosum（2n=4x=28）were obtained by dri-pping GA₃ to the wheat stigmas one day after pollination and then byculturing the young embryos in vitro 12-16 days later.It was found thatthe hybrids were self-sterile,while in backcross with monosomic 5Bof Chinese spring as the male parent,three B₁F₁ plants were obtained.The morphological characters of F₁ and B₁F₁ manifested an apparenthybrid vigor.Both the shape and structure of spikes of B₁F₁ were simi-lar to those of F₁,the long and awned spikes were like the male parent,and the polyanthous spikelets like the female parent.The awns of F₁and B₁F₁ were shorter than those of their male parent.The flag leavesof B₁F₁ were longer than those of F₁ and their parents evidently.Fur-thermore,both of F₁ and B₁F₁ showed resistance to Fusarium spp.andErysiphe graminis as their male parent.There were 24-30 chromosomesin a number of pollen mother cells of F₁ at metaphase Ⅰ;while therewere 45-49 chromosomes（20-21 pairing disomes and 3-7 monosomes）inmost pollen mother cells of B₁F₁ at diakinesis.when B₁F₁ was self orbackcrossed to either parent,a partial fertility was obtained.It isexpected that an alienaddition line of wheat may be obtained by selfingand backcrossing through generations.更多还原