【摘要】 <正> 位于海南藏族自治州共和县和兴海县的共和盆地,是青海省主要的粮油产地之一。我们于1962—1965年及1976—1980年间,曾分别在切吉、恰卜恰等地进行土壤调查和定位观察研究。兹将这个地区的土壤类型和分布特点,简述如下。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gonghe basin located in Gonghe and Qinghai Counties of Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Southern Qinghai Province is one of the main areas of food and oil crops of Qinghai Province. This paper deals with the basic properties of main soil types and their distribution characteristics, as well as their utilization and improvement methods based on research data obtained from soil survey during 1962—1965 and 1978—1980 in this basin. The soils in Gonghe basin of Qinghai Province may be divided into 2 sequences, i.e. that of alpine soils and that of steppe soils. Alpine soil was formed through the process of soddy—frozen—meadow or soddy—meadow. The soil in the sequence is characterized by young and litho-profiles with a pattern of A_?—A₁—C. Prom top to bottom the profile may be divided into A_?, A₁, AB and C horizons. The steppe soil was formed through the process of humus accumulation and calcification. The soil profile can be regarded as the pattern of A₁—B—C. In Gonghe basin, there are 6 great soil groups and 14 subgroups among which the alpine meadow soils and subalpine meadow soils have their respective special conditions of soil formation and genetic characters. However, the subalpine scrubby meadow soil is very different from subalpine meadow soil in the soil formation conditios, the soil profile pattern and the chemical-physical properties. These differences should be regarded as the criteria to distinguish the soils into the category of great soil group rather than that of subgroup. The soils of different great soil groups have different ways and directions in their utilization and improvement.更多还原