【摘要】 <正> 捕食者-猎物系统中的捕食作用是种群生态学中的一个主要组成成分,它是影响动物种群数量变动的一个重要生物学过程,也是有害动物的控制和益虫利用的重要科学依据。由于近十几年来化学防治引起一系列的问题,因而生物防治日益受到重视,与此相适应,有关捕食者(或寄生物)与猎物(或宿主)之间捕食作用关系的研究自六十年代中期以来也越来越多,本文即为这方面的一项研究报道。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dwarf spider is of non-compensative predation on cotton bollworm in cotton field. But the’population density variation of the spider which will be influenced by cotton bollworm is not too large. The functional response of the dwarf spider to cotton bollworm can be described by using Holling(1959a)’s equation. The different conditions of experiment will produce the different effects on the estimation of parameters of the functional response. The best prey size for feeding of the adult female spider is the larvae that lie in the second day after hatching. Incorporating the age-structure of prey in Holling(1959a)’s equation, the parameters of functional response of the adult female spider to cotton bollworm area(y) = 0.985471 + 0.0232644y - 0.011601y2 Th(y) = 0.00965695 + 0.00337402y + 0.00107242y2. The predation rate isE = (0.25366 + 0.213101y - o.043371y2)P-(0.46809+0.322016y-0.0587661y2). The parameter variation of the functional response under the condition of 17-35℃ constant temperature isa = 0.014207T +0.53282, Th = 0.0199162exp( - 0.0417508T). This report suggests an improvemental method on the parameters by the study on heterogeneitya = al.0.680062X8.9407E-8Y5.96046ETh = Thl 1.40221 E + 8XY/[(1 + 237048X)(1 +11.2415 Y)].And we also suggest a simulation model of the two species interaction system Nt+1 = NtCl + r(1 - Nt/KDexpC - adPt1-m/(1 + aThNt)] Pt+1 = adBNtPt1-m/(1 + aThNt) + XPtThe researches on behaviour of the model show several conslusions as follow.( 1 ) The time lag factor decreases the range of K value that makes thetwo species coexist, that is, it increases the instability of the interaction system.(2) The more the degree of the variation of predator population depends on their prey,the more stable the interaction system is. The correlative analysis of the density variation between the two populations can provide the proper information on this dependent degree.(3) The stability of the interaction system will increase with the interference between predator individuals. We also obtain a representation of this situation with graphical method.更多还原