【摘要】 本文记述了1981年10月—12月在云南禄丰古猿化石地点发掘的地层情况以及古猿、其他灵长类化石的初步观察。此次发掘在第3层发现三个腊玛古猿头骨,其中两个为少年个体,在第5层发现具有较完整下颌支的西瓦古猿下颌骨。这些材料的发现有助于确定腊玛古猿的系统地位和西瓦古猿头骨形态的复原。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Joint Excavation Team of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleo-anthropology, Academia Sinica and the Yunnan Provincial Museum excavated at the fossil ape site of Shihuiba, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province (Locality of IVPP 75033) from October to December of 1981.The excavation area of the 1981 field season is next to that of 1980. The range of the excavation is 20m in length, 5m in breadth and in depth respectively. In addition, we also excavated a part of the sixth layer of the excavation area of 1980 (19m in length, 10m in breadth and 0.3-0.5m in depth). A test pit (2m in length, 1m in breadth and 3m in depth) was dug at the northern end of the excavation section.The excavation area is higher than that of 1980 because of topographical difference. It was divided into two areas: northern area (K) and southern area (J). The thickness, composition and structure of every layer of the new excavation section is somewhat different from that of the excavation section of the last field season.The excavation section of 1981 is described as follows.Excavation thickness is about 5m. Trend NE 30, from top downward in turn:(1) Yellow sandy clay with sand and gravel lenses. The clay was contaminated! by ferro-magnesium and contains small quartz gravel. These materials came from the slope of hill nearby. There is a thin sandy layer on the bottom of layer 1. It thickens westward. An erosional surface exists between layer 1 and layer 2. Thickness 1.3-0.6 m. Dip 220. Dip angle 5. More than ten kinds of mammalian fossils (Hippa-rion etc.) were collected.-unconformity -(2) Blackish grey carbonaceous clay and greyish white sand interbedded with thin lignite intercalation. The thickness of every small sandy layer is about 10-15cm. Sandy layers are thin and thin out eastward, but organic materials increase west- ward. Sand and clay form clear striped layers. Thickness is 2.4-1.5 m. Dip 210 Dip angle 5-10. With abundant fossils of primates, especialy hylobatids and lorisids and more than twenty kinds of other mammalian fossils, in addition, with fish, reptile, bird, mollusc and plant (tree trunk) fossils etc.(3) Massive lignite. There are thin carbonaceous clay intercalations in the upper and lower part of the layer. Some burrow existed in the lignite. Thickness is 1.2-0.5m. Lots of ape fossils and more than thirty kinds of mammalian fossils were found. Fish, reptile and mollusc fossils were also common. Dip 210-220. Dip angle 5-10.(4) Lamnated carbonaceous clay and greyish white silt interbedded with clear fine stratifications and lignite intercalations. Thickness is 1.0-0.3 m. Dip 210. Dip angle 5-10. There are fossils of apes and of more than thirty kinds of mammals. A piece of tree leaf and some tree trunk fossils were found.(5) Greyish white sand with laminated lignite and carbonaceous clay, without clear fine and cross bedding. Thickness is 2.3-1.3m. Dip 210. Dip angle 5-10. "With ape and more than twenty kinds of mammalian fossils.(6) Lignite with quartz gravel, sandy clay and laminated carbonaceous clay. Thickness is about 0.5m. With ape and more than ten kinds of mammalian fossils. Fishr reptile, bird and mollusc fossils were also found.(7) Greyish white clay with nodules of pyrite. Quartz gravel exists in the lower part of the layer. Thickness is about 1.6m.(8) Yellowish brown, red clay. The weathering crust of Kunyan Group of Pre-sinian Period. Thickness is about 0.8m.The layers mentioned above could be deposited in three different environments. The first layer belongs to shallow lacustrine deposit; the second to sixth layers, to lacustrine-swamp deposit and the seventh layer, to deep lacustrine deposit. The eighth layer is the red weathering crust of Kunyan Group of Presinian Period.We collected fossil specimens strictly according to natural layers and paid attention for observing differences of number, element and burying of fossils from each natural layer in the excavation of 1981. There were no ape and other primate fossils-in the first layer. The second and third layers更多还原