【摘要】 本试验用红外线CO₂分析仪对多种昆虫的呼吸进行了测试。目的在于研究不同种类的昆虫在不同虫态或各种活动期的呼吸代谢规律性,并探讨其实用价值。初步试验结果表明,昆虫经气管系统和气门开闭机构释放CO₂的方式,分为四种类型:（1）不规则波动型,（2）等幅波动型,（3）周期爆发型,（4）周期间歇型。用小地老虎,大地老虎及棉铃虫等昆虫测试的结果,都表明夜蛾科成虫及大地老虎滞育幼虫,在晚间有明显的、不受环境因素影响的呼吸日节律;大袋蛾雌蛾在释放性信息激素时,也有明显的CO₂释放波峰。昆虫的一切活动,包括发育变态期中器官的解离和组合,滞育期的开始和终止,飞行预备期中翅肌的生长和成熟,以及启动和持续飞行等活动,都发生明显的呼吸节律变化。这些变化,均可作为生理变化的指标而加以应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiments and observations were carried out in the laboratory in 1980—1981 on more than 30 insect species of different orders and families （11 orders & 17 families） , to test the rate of tracheal respiration during different dcvelopmental stages and metabolic activities, by using the automatic CO₂-recording equipment—Infrared Gas Analyzer（manufactured by Beijing Analytical Equipment Faetory）. The aim of this research is to determine the general patterns of insect respiratory rhythms under different physiological conditions in order to evaluate the practical usages of these important physiological indexes. The preliminary results obtained are as follows:（1） The patterns of respiratory rhythm-waves for continuous recording of CO₂ outpttt through the tracheal system under the regulation of spiracles can be distinguished into 4 types, namely: （a） variable-amplitude oscillated type; （b）constant-amplitude oscillated type; （c） periodical burst type; and （d） periodical short-time spiracle-closed type. （2） The adults of the black cutworm（Agrotis ypsilon）, large black cutworm （Agrotis tokionis）, and cotton bollworm （Heliothis armigera）, and also the summer-diapausing larvae of large black cutworm, all exhibit genetically daily respiratory rhythms during night（circadian rhythm or biological clock）, which are not influenced by environmental factors even by clipping off the wings of moths.This may be a general phenomenon in insects, at least of the Family Noctuidae （Order Lepidoptera）.（3） When the female large bagworm moth （Clania variegata） （Family Psychidae） releases sex pheromone at night,there is also a conspicuous burst of CO₂ output, which can be used to determine the duration of pheromone-releasing period.（ 4 ）The various activities of insects including the histolysis and reorganization of tissues and organs during metamorphosis, the initiation and termination of diapause, the reorganization and maturation of muscle fibers during the pharate adult stage and the teneral period for adult flight,and muscle activities during wing-beat preparing for fly and also during the regular flight,etc., all cause conspicuous corresponding changes of the respiratory rhythms. These rhythm changes can be used as physiological indexes for practical use. （5） The results of mimic water-submerged tests for the cotton bollworm during its pupal stage indicate that the changes of the respiratory chythm waves can be used to determine the best period and duration for submerging the pupae so as to obtain the highest mortality in the fields.更多还原