【摘要】 <正> 前言 生物和环境是不可分刈的统一体。在生物的参与下,环境中的能量以特定方式流动着。各种化学元素经过一定的反应而被反复利用。环境也正是在这种循环不息的交流中,维持动态平衡,维持着利于生命活动的特定状态。能量在生物圈中以食物的形式从一种生物转移到另一种生物即构成一个食物链。例如浮游植物→浮游动物→鱼类。这是海洋生态系中的一种食物链。当然食物链是错综复杂的,在不同生态系中有各种特殊的食物链,它们又互相交织组成食物网。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine Organisms, i. e. Phytoplankton(Platymonas. SP.) Clam (Arca GranosaLinnUS), Shrimp (Penaeus Penicillatus Alcock) and fish(Tilapia Mossambica) aretaken as materials for the experiments.The transfer rule of Cs-137 and Co-60along marine food web and water is studied, using tracer methods of bothCs-137 and Co-60 and Ge(Li) gama-ray detactor with S-80 type multi-analyserfor measuring radioactivity of samples. The experiments are made in sea water of more than one ton, and allperiods of experiments are up to ninty days. The experiments are divided intotwo type. i. e. 1) Marine organisms are cultured in sea water with radioactivity, but nofeading food. 2) Marine organisms are cultured in both sea water and feeding food withradioactivity. Some tendencies are found in the first stage of experiments: 1. The transfer coefficient of Co-60 by every member of marine food chainis greater than that of Cs-137. 2. heT transfer coefficients by marine organisms increase with culturedtime. 3. The order of transfer coefficients by marine organisms is as follows:Cs-137: Clam>Shrimp>PhytoplanktonCo-60: Shrimp>Clam>Phytoplankton 4. The order of the transfer coefficients from sea water, Phytoplankton,Clam and Shrimp to fish is as folloWs:Cs-137: Ses water>Clam>Plytoplankton>Clam>Shrimp 5. The ability to accumulate radioactity by each organisms in marine foodchain(Phytoplankton→Clam-→Fish) is as follows:Cs-137: Shrimp>Phytoplankton>Clam>Fish.Co-60: Phytoplankton>Clam>Shrimp>Fish.更多还原