【摘要】 核动力系統是一个非常庞大和复杂的系統,一个国家的核动力系統可能由几种堆型所組成,这些堆型結合在一起就构成了一个組合的燃料循环体系。热中子轉化堆技术成熟,发电成本經济,但对核燃料的利用率低。快中子增殖堆核燃料的增产速度很高,但初装的可裂变材料多,基建投資大,其初始发展阶段所需燃料向須由热中子轉化堆提供。因此,在这种組合体系內必然存在着能达到較好經济效果的热中子堆和快中子堆最优配置方式。此外,核工业企业的經济規模都很大,需考虑它們最优引入的时間日程表。本文对核动力系統建立了动态綫性規划模型。針对核动力系統各个工艺环节的物理实質及核燃料的流程,建立了各种平衡方程式及各变量間的約束关系式,从而用数学模型描述整个核燃料循环的物理过程,并用綫性規划和混合整数規划方法求解。初步計算結果較好地反映了系統的动态特性,給出了在最优化条件下每个时間周期各个工艺环节的活动水平、环节間的物料流量以及各个工艺环节經济規模企业的个数等数据。这种动态綫性規划模型对研究核动力系統发展規划問題是一种有效的手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 A nuclear power system is very vast and complex. Whole national nuclear power may consist of several types of reactors. These types of reactors make up a symbiotic fuel cycle system. The technology of thermal converters hasmatured and its power generation cost is cheaper. But its uranium utilization is lower. Although the gain of nuclear fuel for FBR is very fast, more inventory of fissible fuel and higher capital cost are needed, and the inventory during initial stage of FBR development must be supplied by the thermal converters. So there exists an optimal mix of thermal converters and FBR, which can achieve better economic effect in this system. Besides, the economic scale of nuclear industry enterprises is all very large now. It is necessary to consider the appropriate introduction schedule of these enterprises.This paper describes the dynamic linear programming model developed for a nuclear power system. Based on the physical essence of each process in this system and nuclear fuel flows, the various equilibrium equations and restraint relationships of variables are set up. These mathematics models describ the wbnle physical process of nuclear fuel cycle. Both linear programming and mixed integer programming are used to solve these problems. The primary results have welt represented the dynamic characteristic of whole system and given out the activity level of each process. the flow rate of nuclear fuel between processes and the number of ecomomie scale enterprises in each time period under optimization condition. The dynamic linear programming model is an efficient approach for project of the nuclear power system.更多还原