【摘要】 本文利用1961—1970年的平均资料,详细地计算了东亚范围内1—12月大气的辐射收支和热量收支,进而分析其年变特征。主要结果: 1.青藏高原4—9月是热源,其它各月是冷源。高原中西部冷热源的形成及年变化主要决定于地面感热加热的变化。高原东部3—5月热源的形成决定于感热的迅增,6—9月的热源则同时取决于感热和潜热。高原地区热源出现早而强,有二次迅速增强过程,这对6月南支副热带急流的北跳和雨季的爆发有贡献。冬季,高原的冷源对其南边的副热带急流贡献甚小。高原的动力作用对其维持有贡献。 2.高原北边和西边全年的感热和潜热都很小,年变化也很小,所以全年都是冷源。7月伊朗高压是动力性的。 3.高原南侧及东侧的感热很小,潜热强度大且年变化也大。所以其热源及年变化主要决定于降水量的多少及其年变化。印度北部6—9月为热源,其它各月为冷源。孟加拉湾地区热源4月开始,但比高原热源弱,5月增强,6—7月最强,比高原要强7—8倍。但高原加热对南亚雨季开始的贡献大,而孟加拉湾地区的强热源可能是雨季爆发的结果而不是原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper the atmospheric heat sources and sinks are calculated in detail for Jan.-Dec .over the East Asia with 10 year mean data of 1961-1970.Their characteristics and annual variation are also analysed and discu-ssed.The main results are:1.There are heat sources over the Plateau for April-September and sinks for the other months of the whole year.The heat sources and sinks mainly depend upon the sensible heat over the Plateau.The heat source over the Plateau appears early and strong and contributes to that the subtropical jet stream jumps over the Plateau from its southern side to the northern. In winter the sink over the Plateau is weaker than that over North India and there is little contribution to maintain ten subtropical jet stream to the southern side of the Plateau.2.There are sinks for the whole year in Iran Plateau and the People’s Republic of Mongolia, because in this region the sensible and latent heats and their annual variations are smaller than the radiation cooling.3.The annual variation of the heating field in India and East China depends upon the change of precipitation. There are heat sources in North India for June-September .In Bengal the heat source appears in April and strengthens in May, but its area is much smaller than the Plateau. The heat source of the Bengal is very strong in June-July.We think that it is not the cause of the trigger mechanism of the onset of the raining season but being its result, because the onset of the raining season appe-ars at the beginning of June.更多还原