【摘要】 狐茅亚科中的花序存在着圆维——总状——穗状三种典型形态和中间型组成的系列,暗示着花序演变的某些线索。具圆锥花序的种所发生的生态变化和具穗状花序的种所发生的返祖现象,表明该亚科中花序演化的主流方向是简化。小麦族的穗状花序由雀麦族辐射状圆锥花序和相应的总状花序衍生而来。它们的小穗排列方位规律相同。黑麦草属穗状花序与羊茅属扁平状圆锥花序小穗排列规律一致。与小麦族,雀麦族不同。黑麦草属与羊茅属一起为狐茅族成员。此外,幼苗形态的迹象进一步表明:雀麦族是小麦族的近缘族,建议两族合称小麦族系或超族;狐茅族、燕麦族、翦股颖族和虉草族均为小麦族的远缘族,建议合称为狐茅族系或超族。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the inflorescence of Festucoideae, there are series composing ofthree typical forms (Panicle-raceme-spike) and their intermediate. Theyhint some evolutionary lines. The ecological changes arising in specieswith panical inflorescence and the atavism happening in specis withspike show that reduction may be the main tendency of the inflorescen-ce’ evlution in this subfamily. The spike of Triticeae may be derived fromradiate panicle and racemose inflorescence of Bromeae. They have the dire-ction of spikelet arrengement in same way. The direction of spikelet arren-gement in spike of Lolium agrees with flatened panicle of Festuca, andboth are different from that of Triticeae and Bromeae. Lolium together withFestuca are the menbers of Festuceae. Further more, the evidences of theseedling mophorlogy show that Bromeae is the close relative tribe of Tri-ticeae. The two tribes may be suggested as a supertribe or tribe series-Triticatae and Festuceae, Aveneae, Agrostideae and Phalarideae arethe distant relative tribes of Tirticeae, may be suggested as anothersurpertribe or tribe series-Festucatae.更多还原