【摘要】 加热与换气是调节与控制温室内气候环境的基本技术措施,对温室设计与经营管理以及节约能源都非常重要。本文用农业气候学的方法计算、分析了我国温室加热度时的地理分布与季节变化,并在此基础上估算了温室的加热量与换气量,指出了利用太阳能加热温室的可能地区以及用换气办法不能控制室温的地区与季节。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heating and ventilatioo are two important agrotechniques for regulating and controlling the micrometeorological environment in the greenhouses, and the data of heating load and ventilation requirement for greenhouses are necessary in greenhouse planning and management and in more profitable use of energy in greenhouse cultivation.By using the m teorological data of 280 stations during the period from 1951-70, the heating degree hour is calculated by the application of Y.Mihara’s formulae 8, and then the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of heating degree hour, heating load and ventilation requirement for greenhouses in China are analyzed and discussed by agroclimatological method.The results obtained can be summarized as follows.1.From figure 1-3 it is found the distribution patterns of isopleths of yearly amounts of heating degree hour (DH) are quite similar to one another. The value of DH is increased gradually with the increasing of the desired air temperature (Tc) inside the greenhouse and of the coldness from south to north.2.The annual course of monthly amounts of heating degree hour (DHm) and the duration of. heating period are also increased with the increasing of Tc and the coldness.3.When Tc = 10℃ in a region where solar radiation reaches about 200 cal/cm2 day in winter season, it is possible that the heating load of greenhousewith area ratio R = 0.7 and floor area Af = 1000m2 could be replaced successfully by solar energy in the region of DHm<6 Kcal. ℃ hr. for double film covering, in the region of DHm<4 Kcal. ℃. hr for single glass covering or in the region of DHm<[3 Kcal. ℃. hr for single film covering.As solar energy is very rich in the Tibetan Plateau, it is also possible to do so, when Tc=10℃ for single glass covering or when Tc = 15℃ for double film covering in Lhasa.4.For the greenhouse of single glass or film covering with R = 0.7 and Af = 1000m2, by the ventilation, the air temperature inside the greenhouse could be controlled at 25℃ in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, at 30℃ in almost all the regions north of the Great Wall, or at 35℃ in all China (except for some days in summer in the southern region of it) .更多还原