【摘要】 在大量测温及对螺旋桨铸件本体解剖的基础上，发现黄铜大型螺旋桨铸件的内 部，常有铁元素偏析、桨叶晶粒组织不良以及缩松等缺陷。为了提高大桨铸造质量， 建议使用冷铁或激冷材料，控制铸件的凝固过程。为此，专门浇注了一个试验桨，在 桨叶上不加冷铁、单面加冷铁和两面加冷铁。对桨叶断面上成分偏析和晶粒组织的各 种情况进行了研究。并且，通过数字模拟铸件凝固过程的电子计算机方法、合理的配 置冷铁，控制螺旋桨的凝固方向。 研究表明： １．采用冷铁可以有效的控制黄铜大型螺旋桨的晶粒组织及部分铁元素形成的宏 观偏析。 ２．现行大桨的铸造工艺常常难以消除热节处的缩松、缩孔，因而，应当采取措 施如使用冷铁或其他激冷材料，控制大型螺旋桨铸件的凝固顺序。 ３．大型螺旋桨可通过数字模拟铸件凝固过程的电子计算机方法，合理地设计冷 铁的数量和位置，以控制其凝固过程．更多还原

【Abstract】 With the help of the temperature measurements and the dissection of a propeller casting, it is found that there are macrosegregation of iron and uneven grain stracture on the propeller blade, In addition, the shrinkage porosity is one of main defects of this large Al-n brass propeller casting. For further study, a test propeller has been poured. Several conditions have been investigated: 1) The chills were put to both the pressure face and the trailing face; 2) The chills were put only to the trailing face; 3) The chill wasn’t used. In order that the chills dimensions are designed reasonably and the solidification direction of the propeller is controled, numerical simulation of the solidification process has been used. The following conclusion can be reached from this investigation: 1. The grain structure and the macrosegregation of large brass propeller can be effectively controlled by chills. 2. It is found that the shrinkage porosities can be avoided by using chills or other chill materials. 3.The method of numerical simulation of solidification can be used for the calculation of the proper dimensions of these chills.更多还原