【摘要】 根据番茄、茄、马铃薯、花生、甘薯、姜、桑、油橄榄、木麻黄九种植物上22个青枯菌的菌株,进行形态、染色、生理生化反应、致病性等方面的比较研究的结果,证明它们都是属于青枯假单胞菌(Pseudomonas solanacearumSmith)。因此,以前报道的甘薯瘟的病原细菌Pseudomonas batatas Tsengand Fan,应改为Pseudomonas solanacearum Sncith,不同寄主青枯菌菌株,它们的有些生理生化反应有明显的差异,但更为明显的是它们的致病性不同。测定的7种寄主上的青枯菌菌株,根据它们对茄的致病力很强,番茄、茄、姜、花生、甘薯、油橄榄和木麻黄菌株可归入小种1;马铃薯菌株对马铃薯的致病力很强,而对茄、番茄和辣椒的致病力中等,归入小种3。属于小种1的7种植物的菌株,致病性也有所不同,它们可作为不同的菌系。桑菌株的致病性较为特殊,很难归入已报道的小种。根据对6种糖和醇的利用以及脱氮作用的能力,番茄、茄、花生、油橄榄菌株属生物型Ⅱ;姜、木麻黄、甘薯菌株属生物型Ⅳ;马铃薯菌株属生物型Ⅱ,桑菌株属生物型Ⅰ。但桑菌株人工接种不侵染茄和马铃薯。烟叶过敏反应的测定表现黄斑而从未表现过敏反应,它的归属尚待进一步研究。青枯假单胞菌划分为小种和生物型,目前意见还不一致,加上我们测定的菌株有限,有关这方面的工作,也待进一步研究。此外,马铃薯、甘薯和桑菌株的生长适温是28℃,它们属于低温型菌株。这些低温型菌株的耐盐性较差。更多还原

【Abstract】 Results of comparative studies of 22 isolates of Pseudomonas solanac-earum Smith from nine host plants, including tomato, eggplant, potato,peanut, sweet potato, ginger,mulberry,common olive and horsetail beef-wood, proved that they are similar in their main morphological,cult-ural physiological and biochemical properties.The causal organism ofthe blast disease of the sweet potato, formerly identified as a new spec-ies Pseudomonas batatas Tseng and Fan,should be renamed as Pseudomonassolanacearum Smith. Besides differences in pathogenicity, isolates fromdifferent hosts plants also show some minor differences in physiologicaland biochemical properties. Based upon their pathogen icity, isolates fromthe tomato,egg plant,ginger,peanut,sweet potato,common oliveand horsetail beefwood can be grouped in the race I described by Bud-denhagen,isolates from the potato belong to the race 3.Based upon theirability to utilize different sugars and alcohols, isolates from the tomato,egg plant, peanut and common olive belong to the biotype Ⅱ,isolatesfrom the sweet potato, ginger and horsetail beefwood belong to the bio-type IV,isolates from potato belong to the biotype Ⅱ.According to theirability to ferment the carbohydrates used to diffrentiate the biotypes,isolates from the mulberry tree can be put in the biotype I,but theyare quite differrent from the race I in their pathogenicity and hypersen-sive reactions. The optimun temperature of growth of the isolates fromthe potato, sweet potato and mulberry is around 28℃.They belong tothe low temperature type.Those isolates of the low temperature typewere found to be less tolerant to the higher concentrations of salt solut-ions.更多还原