【摘要】 从1979至1980连续两年用溶液培养的方法研究了硅对水稻的生理效应。试验分无硅及有硅二处理。培养液按国际水稻研究所配方,无硅处理是在培养液中不加硅,但N、P、K、Ca、Mg及微量元素都具备;有硅处理是在溶液中加入100ppm Na₂SiO₃。二处理的溶液pH都调节到5.0—5.1。 从两年试验得到以下结果: 1.硅的供应改变了植株的解剖结构,叶片的表皮、表皮毛、泡状细胞、维管束及与维管束相联的厚壁组织以及叶鞘的表皮等都积累了大量的硅。加硅的水稻植株能抵抗虫害。在抽穗期,无硅处理的稻株其根及茎秆基部严重受到蚜虫侵害,使部分组织坏死;而加硅处理的稻株则生长十分健壮,根仍呈白色。 2.硅增加根重,提高根系活力,增加根对水分及养分的吸收量。 3.硅的供应不仅增加叶面积,并使叶片生长较直立。 4.在抽穗期,供硅植株的叶片仍维持较高的光合强度,有较多的光合产物可供应谷粒,故千粒重及产量均明显增高,有硅及无硅稻株的单株相对产量之比为276.3:100。 从上所述,可以认为硅是水稻正常生长所必需的元素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Experiment to study tin physiological effect of Silica on rice plants was carried out in 1979 and 1980 by the water culture method.Treatments used were:Treatments need were:(1)kice plants cultured in solution with N,P,K,Ca,Mg and micronutients according to the formula of the International Rice Institute without supply of silica;and(2)the same nutrient solution but with 100 ppm Na2SiO3 added.The pH of the solutions was adjusted to 5.0-5.1. The results were briefly as follows:1.Slica supply generally changed the plant anatomical structure.The epidermis,epidermis hair,bulliform cells,vascular bunder,sclerenchyma of leaf blades and epidermis of pericladium all have accumulations of large amount of silica.The rice plant in culture solution with Si could resist the attack of insect pests.The root and culm base of plants in culture solution without Si were rather severely attacked by aphids and showed some necrosis-tissues at heading stage,while the root and culm base of plant in culture solution with Si grew quite healthy,their roots maintained the typical white color.2.The root volume and the activity of a-NA oxidation by root were increased with plant cultured in Si added solution.The water and nutrient absorption also increased.3.Silica supply not only increased the area of leaf blades,but also affected the stiffness of the leaves,so that they were more erect.4.At heading stage the leaf of plants grown in Si added solution still maintained high photosynthetic activity and comparatively more photosyn-thates might be supplied to the grains,so that the weight of 1000 grains and the yield were increased.The relative yield of single rice plant of treatment with and without Si was 276.3:100.The above mentioned facts show that silica is an essential element for normal growth of the rice plants.更多还原