【摘要】 作者总结了二十多年来的葡萄杂交育种工作,研究了葡萄种间杂交在抗寒力、花器官类型及果实经济性状上的遗传,提出了对亲本选择的意见,供寒地葡萄育种工作参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Interspecific crosses of grapes were made since 1951 with the aim to obtain new cold resistant cul-tivars adapted to Gongzhu-ling, Jiling province. Annual average temperature of this region is 5.4℃ and the minimum temperature is -30℃ . The cold resistant parents used were: Vitis amurensis Rupr., ’Gong-niang No. 1’ ( F1 hybrid of ’Muscat Hamburg’ × V. amurensis), ’Gongniang No. l2’(F1 Hybrid of V. amurensis × ’Muscat Hamburg’ ), and ’Beta’ ( V.riporio Michx. × V.labrusca L.). Cultivars used as Parents included ’Muscat Hamburg’, ’Queen of Vineyard’ . ’Royal Rose’. ’Blue French’ ’Saperavi’, etc.The inheritance of some characters were studied involving 2800 hybrid seedlings of more than 120 combinations.The winterhardiness of the progenies from crosses between the wild grape V.?amurensis and the cultivars was lower than the wild parent, but much higher than the cultivars used as the other pa-rent. Progenies from back crossing or crosses between the F1 hybrids of V. amurensis and cultivars with other cultivars showed a dilution of winterhardiness, but a few hybrid seedlings were quite cold resistant.More than 70% of the hybrid seedlings from crosses of wild grape with hermaphrodite flowers × cultivars had hermaphrodite flowers, while only about 50% had hermaphrodite flowers from crosses using wild grape with pistillate flowers as one of the parents.The berries of most of the hybrid seedlings from crosses using the wild grape as one of the pa-rents were black in color, small, acid, and inferior in flavor. Back crossing or crossing the F1 hy-brids with other cultivars improved the size and flavor of the berries.The muscat aroma rarely appeared in progenies of crosses between V. amurensis and cultivars, while the "foxy" aroma was often apparent.Crosses between V. amurensis and cultivars resulted in hybrids with sugar content higher than both parents, usually above 20%.’Bete’ as a parent for breeding cold resistant grapes is less desirable than V. amurensis, as hy-brid seedlings from crosses with ’Beta’ were only moderately winter hardy.更多还原