【摘要】 <正> 种群是群落中某一植物种的全部个体的总和。热带雨林中的种群系指组成该雨林的全部植物种的种群个体。在群落学研究中,不少学者认为在某种群落条件下,研究从种子发芽到个体死亡、种的个体发育及种群整体,对于认识植物群落有很大的意义。若能有效地鉴定组成群落的所有种群的全部成分,并确定其年龄成分,就可能比较正确地认识该群落的过去、现在和将来。目前对于群落种群的研究报道不多,至于热带雨林中种群配置的报道尤为少见。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the past years, from 1958-1963, it has been the good fortune of the writer to study on the composition of populations designed in the permanent quadrats at the Yunnan Biogeocoenological Station of Tropical Forest. It is author’s aim to research the real state of different populations in this community.Basal on this, the author has calculate its process of historical development and the possibility of futural evolution, which can give a basis for managing this tropical forest.The method adopted in author’s works are the various permanent quadrats and many surveys and records, such as for ecological types, phenological types, the grades of wood age and others. The object is the tropical rain forest that belongs to the northern boundary type of east-southern Asian typical one. Vertical structure of this forest consists of the layer A, B, C, D (tree layer), E (shrub layer) and F (herb and renewal layer), horizontal structure comprises the "forest window", B layer rain forest stand and the typical rain forest are standed. In 2500 m2 permanent quadrat the populations of wood plants belong to 12 species, 6211 individuals (population member), among which only 120 members are tree above 5 cm diameter breast high, the others all are shoots and young trees. After the further study, the author has obtain the very distinct concept for the real distribution pattern of all members: (1) From upper layer to lower, the wood plants show their population members or species from rareness to denseness. This is a vertical distributional regularity. The majority of the species or populations consist in the lower layer of this forest community. (2) In the horizontal direction, there appear following distributional regularity. And so the shoots around the mather trees form a centripetal distribution, and the young trees form a centifugal distribution.Among the 6271 individual, only 10 make up the A layer, 36 to B, 68 to C, 177 to D, 1239 to E, 5251 to F layer. If count for specics, the A layer has possessed actually only 6.6% of whole species, and the B layer more than 20%. However, the main skeleton of this community is a few populations of the upper layer, that taker an important part to the physiognomy and inner structure of the community.According to the many discontinuous population types of upper layer and the very rare continuous types of lower one, it is firmly recognized that the upper layer of this forest community is quite non-stability and lower layer of this forest is very stability, because the discontinuous population types can not firmly occupy the "forest window" for a long time. The upper populations lack the capacity of occupying the "forest window", then, there may occur the occupying alternatively in the process of forest renovation.In a population, based on morphological sizes, developmental states and the capacity of blooming or fruiting, the author are divided the all individuals into such phenological types as shoot, young tree, youth tree, adult tree and matural tree. Through survey of plant phenology and identification of the annual ring of wood, the author are calculate the range of age grade of the phenological types: the shoots>10-30 years old, young trees 30-60, yonth trees 60-80, adult trees 80-100, matural trees 290-250. From this, may be determine the absolute age of this tropical forest. It is possible went through 250 years old.From the real servey to the permanent quadrat for the listed trees according to the concerned phenological types and age grades, from which obtained the data for following series: 90 individuals of adult and matural trees, 24 of youth trees, 89 of young trees, 2534 of shoots. Then, it constitutes this series-forms: a lot of the matural trees, a few of the young trees and a great deal of shoots. The occurrence of this series-forms may be to made up a quantitative proportional character of forest. This forest is ripe for development or a fully development.Based on the calculation of phenological types and age grades, it is firmly believed that the big trees of pres更多还原