【摘要】 <正> 小麦丛矮病在陕西、山东等省曾有较大面积的危害。河北省也早有此病,但仅在麦田的地头、地边和靠近坟圈等草多的地方零星发生,不被注意。自1972年以来,在秋作物田中连年套种冬小麦的地区,小麦丛矮病的病情逐年加重,蔓延迅速轻者减产;重者绝收、毁种,成为小麦生产上急待解决的问题。本文将1974至1979年对小麦丛矮病的病原、传播途径、发病规律及综合防治研究的结果报道如下:更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, wheat rosette stunt has been seriously spreading over the most parts of Hopei Province. The most conspicuous symptoms of this disease are yellow and green variegated narrow stripes on the upper leaves accompanied with more abundant tillers, and the stunted plant.Through the electron microscopic observation, it was demonstrated that the pathogen of wheat rosette stunt is a rhabdoid virus. The planthopper(Laodelphax Striatellus Fallen) is the vector of this virus which is not soil and seed borne nor transmitted mechanically. Tests with aphis and leafhoppers also did not give any sign to their responsible for virus transmission.Successive field observation have denoted that the peak time of the disease occurs in autumn, which is positively correlated with the time of sowing. In spring, two disease peaks are existed. They are caused separately by the latent infection in autumn and the infection in early spring. Inoculation tests at various plant growth stages have demonstrated that the infection occurred at seedling stage of wheat in winter or early spring would caused a great damage to wheat, while infection occurred at stem extension stage less damage may be presented, and no effect could be produced if the infection occurred at the booting stage.The vector Laodelphax Striatellus Fallen gives five generations a year in the middle and southern part of Hopei Province. The adults of the fourth generation in autumn and the overwintering nymphae in spring are the principal vectors which transmit the virus and cause damage to wheat in winter fields.Practical experiences in the last years have provided evidence that the integrated programs, laying special emphasis on agricultural management and supplemented by spraying insecticides represented a considerable success in disease control. The integrated programs involved mainly: (t) deep ploughing and eradicating the grasses in large areas before sowing for the purpose of reducing the amount of sources of vectors and viruses; (2) not intercropping winter wheat with cotton and other autumn harvesting crops; (3) sowing winter wheat on the optimum time and not too early; (4) spraying insecticides according to the information about vector and other considerations.更多还原