【摘要】 本试验里对春麦杂种后代抽穗期的变异进行了初步的观察与研究。结果证明,双亲与杂种 F₁代的相关系数为0.8655,与 F₂代的相关系数为0.8890,均表现极显著地高度正相关。据四年用41个组合估算的广义遗传力平均为61.2%,不同组合间遗传力变幅为44—85%。在324个杂种 F₁代组合中,超早亲和同早亲的组合占50%以上,早抽穗为显性遗传是基本的趋势。F₂代抽穗期呈连续性变异,多数组合表现偏态分布,偏早熟组合多于偏晚熟组合。正反交组合间在 F₁、F₂代抽穗期表现上没有差别,F₂代的遗传力正反交也十分相近。初步判断,在普通小麦种内抽穗期遗传不受胞质影响。本文对春麦早熟育种亲本选配和早代选择提供一定的科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Date of heading was used as an index in the study of the heredity ofthe earliness of spring wheat.The result indicated that there was closerelation between hybrid F₁’s,F₂’s and their respective parents.Accor-ding to data of five years,the average correlation coefficient between theF₁’s and their parents was 0.8655,and that between the F₂’s and theirparents was 0.8890;i.e.both generations were highly correlated withtheir parents.The regression coefficient was highly significant,too.The value of heritability（h²%）in a broad sense calculated from 41 dif-ferent crosses in four years was comparatively high,ranging from 44 to85%,with an average of 61.2%.It was observed that the larger thedifference between the date of heading of the two parents of a cross,the higher was the heritability of this cross,and vice versa.Observations on 324 crosses at five sites in four years indicated that thedate of heading of F₁’s were complicated and manifold.Of the F₁’s of the324 crosses studied,53.5% were earlier than,or the same as their earlyparents;39.5% were intermediate between their early and late parents;wheras only 7% were later than,or as late as their late parents.Thus,with the majority of the crosses,the F’s were earlier than,or as early astheir early parents,or earlier than the mid-parents,indicating that in theheredity of earliness,dominance is a fundamental tendency.A continuous variation was observed in the date of heading of individualsin F₂ populations.Crosses inclining toward earliness were more than thoseinclining toward lateness.A few crosses were of normal distribution.Accor-ding to an average from 54 crosses,28.3% of the individuals of the F₂population were earlier than the early parent,whereas only 14% were laterthan the late parent.In crosses with smaller differences in earliness betweentheir two parents,there were more transgressive types and less intermediatetypes in the F₂ population,whereas in crosses with larger differences,therewere more intermediate types and the number of transgressive types wassignificantly small.No significant difference was observed between reciprocal crosses in thedate of heading of F₁’s or F₂’s.The values of heritability calculated werealso similar between them respectively.Thus,it was suggested that the he-ritability of the date of heading of the common wheat seems not to beinfluenced by the cytoplasm.更多还原