【摘要】 <正> 青海为全国五大牧区之一。高山草甸土是其重要的草场土壤,分布十分广泛。高山草甸土的形成、性状和变化,直接影响草场生产力的高低和植被演替,并间接影响畜牧业生产的发展。现将初步调查研究的结果,总结汇报如后。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alpine meadow soil is widely spread in the South Qinghai Plateau and partly distributed in Haibei, Hainan and Huangnan regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Alpine meadow soil, being the principal soil of the range is situated in the regions of 4,000—4,700 metres above sea level on the South Qinghai Plateau, and 3,300—4,000 metres in other regions respectively. It develops under the conditions of cold semihumid mountainous climate with mean annual air temperature of 0—5.7℃ and precipitation of 270—550mm. Its predominant vegetative cover is Kobresia pygmaea. Such distribution may be considered as a result of the influence by the combined actions of horizontal and vertical zonality.Field observation and laboratory studies showed that the alpine meadow soil have the following genetic characteristics:（1） Thinness of the soil layer, stony in texture and absence of B horizon showing its infantile stage of soil development.（2） A strongly plaggen process brings about the formation of a distinct interweaving root system of plaggen epipedon （A_s）, A_s and A₁ with a high content of organic matters.（3） With a higher content of fulvic acid than humic acid （in surface soil H/F <1） and a lower structure condensation degree of humic acid.（4） With different degree of eluviation and illuviation in soil development.Alpine meadow soils may preliminarily be devided into 3 subgroups. They are ortho alpine meadow soil carbonate alpine meadow soil and primitive alpine meadow soil.It has been found that under the influence of extravagant grazing, destruction by Ochotona curzaniae and other factors, some of the winter-spring pastures mantled by carbonate alpine meadow soils have deteriorated, their soddy layers （A_s） have partly of wholly fallen away, hence tho succession of vegetation takes place. Instead of the primary vegetation, detrimental and poisonous weeds have infested and increased gradually and the productivity of the pastures is reduced. For the reclamation and utilization of pasture, different ways and methods for proper management and improvement have to be adopted.On the standpoint of utilization, the dynamics of nutrient element balance between the plant and soil was studies. Results showed that the soils were high in potential fertility and rich in available potassium but poor in available phosphate and nitrogen. Therefore in order to get a higher yield of the pasture, fertilization of phosphate and nitrogen should be adopted.更多还原