【摘要】 <正> 土壤有机质的研究中心,是研究土壤中植物残体主要组成的转化及其所形成的有机物质的特征与作用,例如在苏打盐土中可能导致的脱盐、脱碱与培育肥力的作用。我所在吉林省郭前旗苏打盐土区利用排灌洗盐、施加有机肥和种稻,从1955—1959年连续获得了增产、稳产及改良土壤的良好效果。特别是利用草炭加厩肥的处理,略次于更多还原

【Abstract】 This article deals with the transformation of organic materials, and its effect on the properties of soda-saline soils. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1. Under given hydrothermal condition, the rate of transformation of organic materials in soda-saline soils as affected by microorganisms is as follows: Bacteria>Actinomycetes>Bacillus>Fungi.Azotobacter and cellulose decomposing bacteria multiplied very rapidly in the presence of added plant materials. They were beneficial to the transformation of organic materials and accumulation of nitrogen.2. The activities of proteinase were promoted by the application organic materials in soda-saline soil.3. Various low molecular organic acids, such as formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids can be detected in soda-saline soil. Amount of them varied greatly with the history of cultivation and soil management.4. The amount of water soluble humus, active humic acid and fulvic acid were higher in soda-saline soils in plots with organic materials treatment than that in the control plots.These compounds activated soil cations, and improved soil properties.5. Under given hydrothermal condition the transformation of organic materials in soil affected the composition of soil microorganisms and the soil physical and chemical properties as well.Application of organic materials into soda-saline soils reduced the content of water soluble Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Na⁺, HCO₃^-,CO₂^?,and increased the available nitrogen, phosphorus, and also the buffer capacity of soil.更多还原