【摘要】 <正> 硼是植物正常生长和生活所不可缺少的微量元素。土壤中硼的供给不足时,会导致农作物产量和质量降低,严重缺硼时甚至颗粒无收。近年来有二十个以上的省市和自治区进行了硼肥肥效试验和硼肥施用技术的研究,证实了硼肥的良好作用,同时也证实了我国缺硼土壤分布得十分广泛。由于施用硼肥必须根据土壤类型和农作物的需肥特性,而不是在所有的土壤上对各种农作物普遍的施用,明确缺硼土壤的类型和分布,有助于正确的施用硼肥来提高农作物的产量和质量。本文在田间试验、野外调查和所填制的我国土壤中有效态硼含量图的基础上,对我国缺硼土壤的类型作如下的划分,并讨论其分布情况。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the eastern and southern China boron-deficient soils have been found in large areas, while soils in the arid regions are rather rich in boron. The amount of boron in soils varies with parent materials. Soils derived from shale, limestone, and marine sediment are usually rich in boron and those derived from granite and other igneous rocks,gneiss and sandstone are low in boron.Strong alkalinity and rich organic matter in soils reduce the availability of soil boron. Thus the boron-deficient soils may be divided into two types and four subtypes.Type Ⅰ Soils derived from parent materials which are low in boron.Type ⅠA Soils derived from granite and other acid igneous rocks, gneiss, etc. In China boron-deficient soils of this type are mainly acid soils, such as red earth, laterite and lateritic Soil etc. In these soils both total boron and water-soluble boron are very low.Symptoms of serious boron-deficiency of winter rape have been observed in many areas of eleven provinces in soutern China. An application of boron fertilizer increased the yield of rape and other boron-sensitive crops.Type ⅠB Soils derived from parent materials which are slightly higher in total boron and rich in acid-insoluble boron, but low in water-soluble boron.Soils derived from loess, calcareous alluviums of Yellow river, quarternary red clay, limestone etc. are belonging to this type. Winter rape grown on these soils derived from loess showed no symptom of boron-deficiency.However, application of boron fertilizer can also increase its yield.Type Ⅱ Boron-deficient soils induced by unfavorable soil conditions.Type ⅡA Soils with a higher pH valueSoil pH value significantly affects the boron availability and its uptake by plant.In calcareous soils of northern China the availability of boron may be very low. Over liming on the acid soils also reduces the available boron and may lead to boron-defi-ciency. Such cases often occur in local areas.Type ⅡB Soils with higher content of organic matter and underlaid by high water table.Crops growing on meadow soil and Baijiang soil (planosol) with a high water table usually show serious boron-deficiency. Application of boron fertilizer is necessary to restore the normal growth of the crops. Fixation of boron by soil organic matters reduces the boron availability.Experimental data on boron fertilizer are given in Figure 3 and Figure 4 in Chinese text.更多还原