【摘要】 <正> 海洋占地球表面积的71％左右,海洋的热容量比大气大1200多倍,因此它对太阳辐射的热量起着“贮存器”与“调节器”的作用,是影响长期天气过程的重要角色。气象工作者数十年之前已经开始注意海水表面温度的变化与大气环流及长期天气变化之间的相互关系,进行过不少研究。70年代以来,在一些国家,其中包括我国,应用海温做长期预报取得了一定成绩。然而人们至今对长期天气过程中海气相互作用的机制却了解甚少,甚至对同一个月份海洋与大气环流异常到底有什么关系也不十分清楚。因此,在海气相互作用的研究中,经常遇到两种似乎截然相反的观点,有的作者强调海洋对大气的作用,而有的作者则又强调大气对海洋的作用,甚至同一作者有时主张前一观点,有时又强调后一观点。例如,J.皮耶克尼斯在研究赤道海温与大气环流关系时,强调了赤道海温对大更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper analyses the relationship between the monthly sea surface temperatures over the North Pacific and the North Atlantic on the one hand and the sea level pressures,high of 500mb and 1000mb-500mb layer thickness over the Northern Hemisphere on the other, in the winter half years (October-March) during 1951-1975, It is found that the relations batween the sea surface temperature and the atmospheric circulation vary with regions and seasons. Computations show that the change in the sea surface temperatures plays a major role over the cold and warm current regions where the change is great, for example, over Kuroshio, Gulf stream or over California current etc.Over these regions it is the change in the sea surface temperatures that has an influence over the atmospheric circulation, and the influences are the greatest in February, when the sea temperatures are the lowest. But over uncurrent regions with smaller sea temperature variation,for example, over the Central Pacific, the change in the atmospheric circulation plays a more important role and may affect the change of the sea temperatures, These relations are easily seen in winter (December-February) when the atmospheric circulation changes more sharply.Besides,the sea temperatures of North equatorial warm current are correlated with the strength of the West North Pacific subtropical high, particularly in the midwinter (January-February) .更多还原