【摘要】 本文就正压大气球面行星波螺旋结构的发展变化机制进行探讨。当经向波数是时间t的缓变函数时,得到波的平方涡度,波能量和波振幅的三个不同增长条件。球面螺旋波只和具有较差转动的基本气流交换能量和平方涡度。分析表明,旋转大气的球面效应是十分重要的。β效应随纬度的变化,通过对波的传播发生影响,使波的结构发生变化,在北半球,它总是有助于中纬地区东北——西南向槽脊的形成;在南半球,则有助于中纬地区西北——东南向槽脊的形成;使波的角动量涡动输送指向两极;从而有助于低纬东风,中高纬西风的维持。实例计算表明,理论分析和实况较为一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 The variation mechanism of the spiral structure of the spherical planetary waves in a barotropic atmosphere is discussed. When the meridional waie number is the function slowly varying with time, the respective growth conditions of the amplitude, energy and enstrophy of the wave are different.The spherical spiral wave exchanges energy and enstrophy only with the mean zonal flow. with differential rotation The variation of β-effect with latitude has an influence on the distribution of the phase speed of the wave, so that a change of the spiral wave structure results. It helps to form NE-SW orientational trough and ridge lines in the middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere and NW-SE orientational trough and ridge lines in the southern hemisphere, and as a result, the angular momentum is transported toward the poles. Calculations for some examples show that the theoretical analysis is in agreement with the observed facts.更多还原