【摘要】 1973—1974年我们对甘肃文县和陕北宜川等山丘地区的中华白蛉生态进行了调查,发现它与我国长江以北广大平原地区家栖习性的中华白蛉不同。在山区居民点内和野外的各种洞穴均有中华白蛉栖息。中华白蛉的季节,在野外比村内为早。野外雄蛉多于雌蛉,而村内则雌蛉远比雄蛉为多,它在村内的主要栖息场所是畜舍。根据生理龄期的分析,中华白蛉在村内吸血后停留约2—3天,大多数即飞往野外产卵,故村内的白蛉以吸饱鲜血、卵巢发育处于早期阶段的居多,而在野外则以胃血消化大半、卵巢发育即将成熟及产卵后又将再次吸血的白蛉为多。由此可见,山丘地区的中华白蛉具有半家栖的习性。 在甘肃文县和四川南坪山区的垂直分布调查中,发现野外山洞内的中华白蛉的个体和某些部位的结构比一般所见的中华白蛉(暂称为“甲型”)较大,雄蛉的触角列式亦与甲型有某些差异。我们把这种中华白蛉暂称为“乙型”。这一型中华白蛉的比例随海拔的增高而增大。 山丘地区的中华白蛉夜间在村内主要侵袭牛、驴等大家畜,吸血后多数栖息于畜圈内。如每年用杀虫剂喷洒畜圈一次,连续数年后,预计对半家栖中华白蛉的防制,将是一种有效的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 1973 and 1074, some observations on bionomics of the sandfly Phlelotomus chincnsis were undertaken in the mountainous regions of Wen County, Kansu Province and in the loess plateau of I-Chuan County, Shensi Province. The results showed that the resting habit of P. chincnsis there was apparently different from that in the vast plain region north of Yangtze River. In the former case, the resting places were confined to villages as well as field caves, whereas in the latter case, livestock stables and human dwellings were the main resting places, the sandfly being strictly endophilic. In the mountainous region, the appearance of the sandfly was earlier in, and more male sandflies were collected from, the open field. Analysis of the gonotrophic cycle of the females revealed that adult sandflies remained in the villages for 2 to 3 days after blood meal and then mostly flew to the wild for oviposition. Thus, those collected in the villages were usually engorged with fresh blood and with their ovaries at an early developmental stage, while those collected in the wild had their blood meal almost half-digested and their ovaries developed nearly to mature stage and sometimes even up to post-oviposition stage, being ready for resuming a second blood meal. It may, therefore, be concluded that P. chinensis in the mountainous regions is semi-domestic or moderately exophilic in character.Observations on the distribution of the sandfly by altitude in the mountainous regions of Wen County, Kansu Province and Nan-Ping County, Szechuan Pronvince, showed that both of the body size and certain structures of some P. chincnsis collected from the caves were larger than those seen in the vast plain region. For the time being, the latter specimens were referred to as "Form A", while the former, "Form B", It was found furthermore that the 2 forms also differed in their antennal formula. In general, the proportion of "Form B" increased with the altitude.Since sandflies in the villages of these mountainous regions fed chiefly at night on blood of big domestic animals such as cattle, donkey, etc. and rested in the livestock stables after feeding. It is thus suggested that for elimination of this semi-domestic form of P. chinensis, residual spraying to the livestock stables once a year for several years would be an economical and effective measure of control.更多还原