【摘要】 Turkdogan规则是铁合金熔体中碳的溶解度线性浓度规则;Здановский规则是水活度恒定条件下混合电解质水溶液的线性浓度规则.它们都是化学势μ₀为恒定条件下的线性浓度规则. 本文把这两个规则分别用克分子分数、重量克分子数和重量百分数这三种浓度单位来表示,并推广应用于各类n元（n≥3）溶液的各种热力学性质ψ,成为偏克分子数量ψ₀恒定条件下线性浓度规则,同时指出Здановский型规则是Turkdogan型规则推广至ψ₀恒定条件下的整个浓度范围内时的特例. 上述结论用液态和固态合金溶液、熔盐、电解质溶液、聚合物溶液的Gibbs自由能、热焓、热容和体积等性质的文献数据作了验证.更多还原

【Abstract】 The Turkdogan’s rule is a linear concentration rule of the solubility ofcarbon in the molten Fe-alloys, while he Zdanovskii’s rule is that of the mixed elec-trolytes at isopiestic condition. Both are linear concentration rules at onstantchemical potential μ₀. In this paper, these two rules are expressed by three different concentration units（mole raction, molality and weight percent） and are extended to the general linearconcentration rules at constant partial molar uantity Ψ₀ applicable to all thermo-dynamic properties Ψ of any n-component （n≥3） solutions. It is pointed out thatthe Zdanovskii-type’s rule is a special example of the Turkdogan’s rule extendedto whole region of concentration at onstant Ψ₀. The above conclusions are verified by examining published data dealing withsuch properties as Gibbs free nergy, enthalpy, heat capacity or volume for solu-tions of liquid and solid alloys, molten salts, electrolytes or olymers.更多还原