【摘要】 <正> 嗜眼属(Philophthalmus Looss,1899)吸虫主要寄生在鸟类的结膜囊(conjunctival sac)瞬膜(nictitating membrane)中,由于虫体机械刺激及分泌物毒素的影响,患禽眼黏膜充血、组织液渗出、角膜与瞬膜晦暗充血,有的化脓溃疡,眼睑肿大或紧闭。鸟类尤其幼雏因此眼疾而不能寻食、消瘦,有的两腿瘫痪,严重的致死。除鸟类外,兔子、小白鼠及小型哺乳动物亦可受感染(Alicata and Ching,1960;Cheng and Thakur,1967)。在南斯拉夫及更多还原

【Abstract】 Philophthalmus gralli Mathis and Leger has been found to occur in China quite extensively along the coastal provinces.In Fujian epizootics was found among chickens and ducks in several districts extending from Fuzhou southward to Lung-hai prefecture.The most heavily infected regions,however,are in the lower basins of Tsingchiang River in Chuanehow,while minor regions are found in tributaries of Chiu-lung River in Changchow.Field surveys were conducted to find the incidence of infection and to investigate the biology of the etiological agent.The incidence of infection in different hosts were summarized as follows among chickens 13.7-34.9%,;turkeys 39%;ducks 34.3-66%;geese 51.9-87.5%.The number of worms in each host varies from 1 to 21.Usually the young birds possess more worms in their eyes,hence more seriousness in their symptoms.The life cycle of P.gratti is further traced.The molluscan intermediaries are Me-lanoides tuberculata and Thiara sp.Examinations of this gastropod in the suburb of Changchow indicated that 35-36% are infected with the cercariae and the rediae of P.gralli.The larval stages of P.gratti have been described by Alicata and Noda (1959,1960).Observations and experiment we made,add some to the details of their development.Special emphasis has been made to observe the eneystation behaviour of the eer-earia.It is noticed that the emerged cercaria after ascending to the surface of water being fixed with the tail end,contracts and stretches its tailstem and draws its body backward and forward on all directions.As soon as it comes in contact with some solid objects,eneystation immediately takes place.The cysts are most often found on aquatic plants such as Lemna polyrhiza,Marsilia sp.and also on the shells of Lymnaea (Radix) plicatula and different species of Planorbidae.some cercariae when sinking down also encyst on molluscs,on the bottom of the river,such as Corbicula fluminea and Me-lanoides tuberculatus.All these plants and animals are usually taken by domestic ducks as food.The ripen cyst is of bottle shape.Observations on the excretory system of metaeercaria has been made.It is found that the flame cell formula is 2((6+6+6)+(6+6+6))=72.The formula is in agreement with observation of Ching (1961).She gave the formula of the cercaria stage as 2( (3+3+3) + (3+3+3) )=36.Apparently the number of solenocytes in metaeercaria stage is twice as many as those of the eercaria.The mode of infection,the route of migration of the worm in the definitive host has been the subject of a special inquiry in the present investigation.Epidemiologic and prophylatie measures are also studied.The phylogenetic relationship of Philophthal-mus to other genera of trematodes is also discussed.更多还原