【摘要】 实验证明,感染血吸虫的小鼠一次口服吡喹酮300～500mg/kg24小时后,肝内即出现很多死虫,其体表及肠管上皮变性坏死,并有炎细胞侵入虫体。经吡喹酮作用后,两性血吸虫体表组织超微结构的变化主要为:细胞质突起膨大、破裂和形成桥样结构;细胞质内出现含有残余体样及髓鞘样结构的巨大空泡或卵园形小体;杆状、盘状及球状分泌体明显减少,特别是球状分泌体内形成很多空泡,以及体表浆膜有紧密连结变化。体内、体外试验结果表明,经吡喹酮作用后,两性血吸虫体内糖原,碱性磷酸酶及RNA均明显减少或消失;酸性磷酸酶及碱性蛋白质均显著增加,而DNA、酪氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸,结合α-氨基蛋白质、巯基及酚酶等组成,则无明显变化。 感染血吸虫的小鼠及家兔,于一次口服吡喹酮各为300及60mg/kg后,肉眼观察时,只在少数鼠肝内见有少量的点状凝固性坏死灶,并未见有斑块坏死病变。服药3～4周后,残留的雌虫恢复产卵,但活卵周围的细胞反应很轻,同时,死亡虫卵和变性虫卵周围的纤维结缔组织亦明显减少或消散。此外,服药4～8周后少数兔肝边缘查见血性囊泡,内含被结缔组织包围的活的雄虫。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pyquiton, namely praziquantel or Embay 8440, is a new kind 6f antischistoso-mal drugs. It has been demonstrated that pyquiton displays the advantages of lower toxicity, shorter course of treatment and higher efficacy in the treatment of schistosomiasis japonica in both experimental animals and human cases.The present paper reports the histopathological damages of Schistosoma japo-nicum and host liver caused by pyquiton therapy.The resulte are summarized as follows:1.When infected mice were treated with pyquiton at a single oral dose of 300 to 500mg/kg, numerous dead worms were odserved in the liver sections as early as 24 hours after the medication under the optical microscopic examination. The histological changes consisted mainly of degeneration and necrosis of the integument and intestinal epithelial cells of the worms. Besides numerous inflammatory cells invading the parenchyma of the worms via integument were also detected.The ultrastructural observations on the integument of worms perfused out from infected mice 24 hours after treatment with pyquiton at a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg, were made by transmission electron microscopy.Main lesions of the integument indued expansion and rupture of the cytoplasmic process, emergence of large vacuoles containing residual sudstance, ovoid bodies and myelin-like structures change of touch junction of the plasmic membrane, formation of bridge-like structures of cytoplasmic process, decrease in rod-like, discoid and spherical secretory bodies as will as appearance of numerous vesicles in the latter.2.Histochemical observations showed that in schistosomes maintained in culture medium containing 3-10 μg/ml of pyquiton for 6 to 48 hours, or worms recovered from mice treated with the drug at a single oral dose of 300mg/kg, the contents of glycogen, AKP and RNA were markedly decreased or even disappeared. On the contrary, ACP and alkalin protein reactions were stronger than those in the control. No apparent chasges were seen in the content and distribution of DNA, tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, protein bound α-amino groups and SH groups, and phenolase as compared with the controls.3. After administration of pyquiton to the mice and rabbits infected with Schisto-soma japonicum at a single oral dose of 300 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, respectively, no apparent histopathological lesions were observed in their lives except for the fact that a few focal areas of coagulation necroses could be seen occasionally in the mouse livers 1 to 3 days after the medication.Meanwhile, the hepatic cell division phase was somewhat increased.lt could return to normal 1 week later. 3-4 weeks after the treatment, a few surviving female worms resumed oviposition, but the cellular reaction around the living eggs was rather mild; the fibrosis of the liver containing dead or degenerated eggs was markedly decreased or completely resolved. It is worthy to note that 4-8 weeks after the termination of treatment, a few Iw bloody cysts ( 5-7mm in diameter ) containing male worms which were still living but encapsulated by connective tissue, had been observed along the liver margin of some rabbits.更多还原