【摘要】 冬小麦农大183植株的主茎在其个体发育过程中共生长13—14片叶片。随着叶位的上升,各叶片的叶面积,叶鞘面积及各叶片所有各类型细胞的形态和结构互有差异,并反映出逐步复杂化的规律,尤其是叶肉细胞;在返青以前的低叶位叶片中,它们的叶肉细胞,三环以下的占80%左右,在高叶位的叶片中,随着叶位上升,多环细胞的类型随着增多。在旗叶中,四环以上的细胞占77%,并常看到多环而又有分枝的细胞。高叶位的叶鞘、小穗的护颖和稃片等绿色组织中的绿色细胞都有着和叶肉细胞相同的峰谷腰环(图1)形态。高叶位的表皮细胞形态也比低叶位的表皮细胞复杂。经过低温春化处理的冬小麦春播植株的第七叶片(旗叶)叶肉细胞类型的组合与秋播植株旗叶(第十三叶)一样。未经春化处理的春播植株第七叶虽然生长时间及生态环境和上述二种植株的旗叶相同,但其叶片细胞的形态和组合却和年前秋播植株的越冬前低叶位叶片相同。这说明了叶片细胞的组成主要决定于内在的生长发育规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 The main shoot of the winter wheat,Nongda 183,develops 13—14 leaves.As a rule,each leaf with its various types of cells,as well as the area of the leaf blade and sheath show a series of changes from simple to complex in morphology and dimension when the rank of the leaf rises from the lowest to the flag leaf. Leaves from the lower ranks,including all the autumn leaves,are consisting of 80% of 1—3 linked cells in the mesophyll.Leaves from the higher ranks(spring leaves)have more multi-linked cells(from 3-links up).The flag leaf is consisted 77% of mesophyll cells having more than 4-links. The higher ranked spring leaves have more types of cells,besides the mesophylls, than those from the lower ranks. The sheath cells of high ranked leaves and the green glume and lemma cells of the spike have also the peak,dale,isthmus and link formation. The spring sown vernalized winter wheat spiked with its 7th leaf,the cell com- ponents of which is equivalent to the flag leaf(the 13th)of the autumn sown plant. In the spring sown unvernalized winter wheat,the cell components of its 7th leaf are far behind in delvelopment when compared with the vernalized and the regular autumn sown plant,although all of them were grown and mature in the same en- vironment. The meaning of these changes in the structure and morphology of the cells,the cells in the glume and lemma,and the ontogeny of the main shoot with their environ- ment are discussed.更多还原