【摘要】 叶江蓠Gracilaria foliifera和扁江蓠G.textorii是江蓠属中两个界限不清的种类,藻类学家曾对这两种江蓠是否为两个独立种表示怀疑。为了澄清这两种间混淆不清的关系,同时也为了校正黄海西部的海藻记录,经过对我所海洋植物标本室收藏的一些被著名藻类学家所鉴定的国内外产的叶江蓠和扁江蓠标本的全面比较研究,我们明确了这两种是两个独立种,它们之间的区别主要在于囊果的内部构造:叶江蓠的囊果被外部的细胞小,内部的细胞略大,胞壁不清,但收缩的原生质体极为显著,在低倍镜下,这种收缩的原生质体常形成近似直线的排列,胞间有连丝现象,同时,产孢丝细胞特大;而扁江蓠的囊果被,其内外为大小不相同的两种细胞组成,内部细胞大而疏松,排列无序;产孢丝细胞较小。此外,对叶江蓠的内部构造和精子囊窠的形态也进行了首次描述。根据两种间的区别特征,我们对国内已定名或尚未定名的标本进行了鉴定,确定全部均为扁江蓠。因此,我国叶江蓠的记录应予取消。文中还讨论了这两种江蓠的地理分布。根据地理分布观点,苏联日本海沿岸的叶江蓠记录可能就是扁江蓠标本错误鉴定的结果。就目前资料分析,叶江蓠是分布于大西洋的种类,而扁江蓠则是太平洋的种类,两种是否都见于印度洋,则有待于根据上述特征,重新检查该地产的标本后才能得出结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gracilaria foliifera (Forssk.) Borgs.was first described from the Red Sea by Forssk(?)l in 1775 under the name Fucus foliifer Forssk.,among whose synonyms,Borgesen (1932: 7) listed G.lacinulata (Vahl) Howe and G.multipartita (Clem.) J.Ag.,G.textorii (Suring.) De Toni was originally described from Japan by Suringar in 1867 under the name Sphaerococcus (Rhodymenia) textorii Suring.,among whose synonyms,Dawson (1944,1949) and Ohmi (1955) listed G.vivipara S.et G.,G.sinicola S.et G.,G. johnstonii S.et G.and G.vivesii Howe. In China,G.foliifera has previously been reported from Peitaiho (Collins,1919, under G.multipartita;Howe,1924,under G.lacinulata),Tsingtao (Howe,1934;Tseng and Li,1935) and Chefoo (Tseng and Li,1935).G.textorii has already been reported from Tsingtao (Tseng and Li,1935;Tseng and Chang,1952,1959,1963).The latter is a very common species in the northern Chinese marine flora. As pointed out by De Toni (1897;449) and May (1948:42),G.textorii has a close resemblance to G.foliifera and it is rather difficult to distinguish the two species.Although Okamura (1900) and Ohmi (1955) each gave a detailed account of G.textorii, but no one seems to have published a critical study of G.foliifera (Forssk.) Borgs.Very fortunately,some foreign specimens including a few authentic specimens from various sources deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Oceanology,Academia Sinica, were available for our study,thus rendering the present study possible. The writers were at first tempted to refer G.textorii as a forma of G.foliifera,but later,after a thorough study of the specimens available,we found two differences between the two related species in the structure of cystocarp.In G.foliifera,the pericarp consists of many layers of cells,of which cells of the outermost layer are pigmented and anticlinally erect,whereas those of the inner layer are colorless,connected radially and periclinally with each other by means of distinct connecting filaments with indistinct cell walls;the gonimoblast is composed of large vacuolated cells.In G.textorii,the pericarp consists of 2—3 superficial layers of anticlinally erect pigmented cells,and 6—12 inner layers of colorless,irregularly shaped,more or less loosely arranged cells with very distinct cell walls;the gonimoblast is composed of smaller vacuolated cells. After reexamination of the Chinese specimens on the basis of the above discussed characteristics,we have come to the conclusion that all of them are referable to G.textorii. The record G.foliifera should,therefore,be removed from the algal list of China. In the present paper,a discussion has been made on the geographical distribution of G.foliifera and G.textorii,on the former being an Atlantic on the latter a Pacific species.Whether both species do occur concurently in the Indian Ocean as previously reported by various algologists must be verified by reexamination of this specimens involved.更多还原