【摘要】 <正> 蒼耳（Xanthium strumarium L.）是菊科植物,别名野茄子、敞子、老蒼子（东北）及刺儿棵（河南）等,我国各地都有野生。蒼耳的果实名蒼耳子,是一味常用中药,內含油約39％,蒼耳甙（xanthostrumarin）1.27％,此外尚含树脂、生物碱和丙种維生素等。儿童与家畜誤食蒼耳的果实或幼苗可以中毒死亡。为了寻找蒼耳子的毒性成分,我所植物化学室侯翠英等将蒼耳子仁脫脂,制成水浸剂,并从中提出一种蛋白貭及一种黃白色結晶状具有甙类性貭的物貭（含葡萄糖及鼠李糖）,后者暫名为AA₂。我們比較了蒼耳子油、蒼耳子水浸剂、蒼耳子蛋白及AA₂的毒性,并观察了AA₂的一些药理作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tsang-Er-Tzu, one of the vegetable drugs commonly used in Chinese medicine, is the seed of Xanthium strumarium L. of the family of Compositae. Occasional poisonings and deaths have occurred among children and domestic animals after ingesting the drug. The oil of Tsang-Er-Tzu was found to be nontoxic to rats and mice, whereas the aqueous extract produced toxic effects such as sluggishness, lowering of body temperature, dyspnea, polyuria, convulsions and death. From the aqueous extract two ingredients were isolated, of which the protein was shown to be nontoxic, whereas the glycosidal substance （AA₂） showed toxic actions similar to the aqueous extract. The LD₅₀ of AA₂ after intraperitoneal injection was found to be 10 mg/kg for mice and 4.6 mg/kg for rats. Rats given AA2 （1.25—5.0 mg/kg） intraperitoneally showed a fall of blood sugar. Two to four hours following a large dose （10mg/kg） of AA₂ the blood sugar of the animals dropped to convulsion levels which inevitably resulted in death. However, if 5 ml a 20% glucose solution was administered prior to convulsion, the survival time of the animals was prolonged for about 4 hours. When rats were made hyperglycemic by alloxanization, AA₂ was unable to lower the blood sugar. On the other hand, AA2 could affect the hyperglycemia induced by adrenaline injection. A single dose （0.6 mg/kg i.m.） of adrenaline produced hyperglycemia lasting for about 2 hours. When adrenaline and AA2 were injected simultaneously, the hyperglycemia waned more rapidly. If AA2 was injected prior to adrenaline, however, no or only mild increase of blood sugar was observed. Moreover, AA₂ injection significantly lowered the liver glycogen both in rats and in mice. It appears, therefore, that the mechanism of AA₂ in lowering the blood sugar was not due to increased deposition of glycogen in the liver. When anaesthetized and unanacsthetized rats were injected with AA₂ at a dose of 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, a significant drop of blood pressure was observed. In addition, administration of AA₂ 4.0 mg/kg to rats produced a precipitous fall of total leucocyte counts. However, if the animals survived, the leucocyte counts were restored to normal levels. No significant alteration of vascular permeability of the rats was observed by injections of small doses of AA2. When the symptoms of poisoning were obvious, the vascular permeability of the liver and the spleen in rats seemed to be increased.更多还原