【摘要】 离体培养具56个染色体的小麦(Triticum vulgare)和冰草(Agropyron glaucum)杂种的花药,在附加生长素、椰乳和单核苷酸的MS培养基上,成功地诱导出花粉植株。多数植株为白化体,一部分是绿白条纹体,仅有3株是正常的绿色体。检查根尖细胞染色体证明绝大多数植株为单倍体(2n=28),但发现其中1株是单缺体,只有27个染色体,并出现形态特征上的深刻变化。观察花粉母细胞减数分裂时染色体的行为发现,在1—8对染色体间有局部同源性,二价体表现为棒形端部结合。对白化体叶片细胞的亚显微结构研究表明,细胞中存在质体,但质体的发育受到阻碍,不能形成具有正常片层结构的叶绿体。讨论了具56个染色体的杂种其核型的可能形成过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was successful to induce pollen plants from the in vitro anthers of 56 chromosome hybrid of Triticum vulgare×Agropyron glaucum cultured on the MS medium supplemented with auxin, coconut milk and mononucleotide. The pollen plants such obtained were mostly albinos, partly green and white mosaic and only three of them were normally green. Chromosome counts made in the root tip cells revealed that most pollen plants were haploids (2N = 28), however, one of them possessing 27 chromosomes only was monosomici haploid and it showed prominent changes in its morphological characteristics. The chromosome behaviour in the course of meiosis of the sporocytes was found that local homology existed in 1-8 pairs of chromosome. The bivalents were rod-shaped with terminal conjugation, ultrastructural observations on the leaf cells of albino plant demonstrated the existence of the plastids, however, the development of the plastids was limited and could not form chloroplasts with normal lamella structure. The possible origin of the karyotype of the 56 chromosome hybrid was discussed.更多还原