【摘要】 1.材料为1960～1961年杂交的三个组合。选用的亲本,为生产应用的两个主要类型（普通型、珍珠豆型）。这两个类型的品种,在生态和生物学特性上都有比较明显的区别。采用这两个类型进行品种间有性杂交,选出的优良品种也较多。 2.花生性状遗传力的大小,在不同的估算方法（广义法及上下代亲子相关法）间,除总分枝、总果枝出入较大外,其他几个性状都有大体一致的趋势。百果重、饱果数、单株结果数、生育日数、主茎高等性状遗传力较高,秕果数、单株产量等性状的遗传力较低。 3.单株产量,从世代间(F_2-3)的遗传力来看是很弱的,因此,对于单株产量的选拔标准不宜控制过严,特别是双亲生态型相差悬殊的组合,更有必要放宽选拔的标准。此性状于第二代通过直接选择是无效的,但与单株产量有密切关系的却有几个性状,如单株结果数、饱果数等。因此,通过间接性状的选择,亦可能选择出单株生产力高的优良品系。 4.产量与其他性状的相关性表明,单株结果数越多,产量越高,饱果数越多,产量越高,说明果多果饱是决定产量高低的主要因素。 5.利用变异系数的平方代替相应的变量来估算广义遗传力,可以起到一定的矫正作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 1. These materials were originated from three combinations which were crossed during 1960-1961. The Parental varieties used for this experiment were of two major types in production, i. e. Virginia type and Spanish types. There are significant differences in ecological and biological characteristics between these two types, and a number of favourite varieties have been obtained through intervarietal sexual crossing between these two types concerned.2. Being estimated and calculated by different methods (Heritability in a broad sense method and parent-offspring correlation method), the heritability of all other characteristics of peanut, with exception of that of total branches and total fruiting shoots which appear relatively different, tends to be more or less the same.The characteristic-heritability of 100 pod weight, number of mature pods, number of fruit-setting per plant, days of breeding and height of main stem behaves higher, while that of number of immature pods and yield of pods per plant behaves lower.3. Realizing that the heritability of yield per plant for generations (F2-3) appears pretty weak, the selection of this characteristic is not advisable to be too much restricted by the selecting standard, especially in case the combination of which the bi-parental ecotypes are greatly diverse, to lower the standard is most necessary. This characteristic through direct selection in F2 will be of no effect. However, there are some other characteristics which are closely related with the yield of pods per plant such as number of fruit setting and number of mature pods per plant. Through selection of these indirect characteristics, to select and raise improved strains of high productivity per plant is possible.4. The correlation between yield and other characteristics indicates that the more the number of fruit setting and of mature pods the more will be the yield; and this correlation is in a sense suggesting that the fruitfulness and good maturity are essential determining factors of yield.5. To estimate and calculate heritability in a broad sense by using the square of C. V. (coefficient of variation) instead of corresponding variance can be of advantageous in correction to a certain extent.更多还原