【摘要】 围绕哈白猪育种工作,对哈白猪及其杂种进行生长发育试验。本文综合这些资料,探讨哈白猪的发育特点及猪的生长发育一般规律。1.哈白猪前期生长快,后期生长慢,表现早熟易肥小型猪的特点。其沉积脂肪能力很强,尤共早期更为突出;肌肉组织早期进入强度生长时期;荐椎发育较弱,后躯不够丰满。2.以腰部生长强度为最大,腿臀和肩胸次之。胴体组成的变化主要决定于肉、脂的变化。生后肌肉的此重占绝对优势,肉、脂此例约为9:1;随着年龄的增长脂肪此例增加,而肌肉比例减少。正常饲养条件下,哈白猪八个月龄肉、脂此例可达1:1,而低营养水平下十二个月龄仅达1:0.6。水油及板油与膘油的此例,一般保持在15:85左右。在各组织和器官中,脂肪的生长强度为最大,而且生后一直上升。肌肉的生长强度早期上升而后期下降。骨骼的生长强度较小,共中以脊椎和髋骨的生长强度较大。脊椎之中以腰椎生长强度为最大。3.消化器官以1—4个月龄生长强度为最大,其中大肠生长强度为最大,胃次之,小肠最小。但小肠出现生长强度最大时期较早,而胃和大肠较晚。4.猪由初生到一年各组织和器官的生长强度变化曲线可分为三种类型:1)一直上升者,如脂肪;2)一直下降者,如骨骼;3)上升到一定程度而又下降者,如消化器官。同时,各组织和器官具有某种程度的阶段性特征;如哺乳期消化器官生长强度较大;二——六个月肌肉生长强度较大。育种实践中应利用这些阶段发育特点制定相应的培育措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 To comply with a breeding project,data were collected on the growth and development of Harbin White pigs and their crossbreds.Herein are presented the developmental specifieities of this breed group and treatise made with regard to their general trend: 1.During the first post-partum year,the Harbin White pigs grew initially at a fast rate, followed by a slow growth rate,thus exhibiting the characteristic features of an early-maturing, easily-fattening type,capable of adipose deposition at a very early stage.Intensive grewth of lean meat also commenced at a relatively young age.On the ether hand,sacral vertebrae grew at a slow rate and hind-quarters were not as fully developed. 2.Among the various parts of the carcass,the loin grew with the greatest intensity, followed by the hind-quarters and shoulder-breast.Change in the composition of the carcass was reflected by a narrowing of the lean-fat ratio.Lean predominated at first,their ratio was 9:1.The ratio narrowed with increasing age,the proportion of fat increased while that of lean decreased.Under adequate feeding regime,the lean-fat ratio at 8 months of age was 1:1,however,under adverse feeding regime,it was only 1:0.6 at 12 months of age.The rela- tive percentages of mesentery and kidney fat to subcutaneous fat was 15:85. Among the various tissue components,fat grew at the greatest intensity and ascended from birth at a continuous rate,that of lean increased at an early stage,but declined after- wards.Skeletal growth was less intensive.The spinal column and pelvis grew at compara- tively faster rate.Along the spinal column,the lumbar vertebrae grew the fastest. 3.The digestive organs grew with the greatest intensity at the 1-4 month period.Their relative rates were large intestine,stomach and small intestines in a descending order.On the other hand,the small intestines showed a higher intensity at an earlier age than the stomach or large intestines. 4.Grewth intensity of tissues and organs during the first year of a pig’s life,when re- presented by growth curves may be classified under three categories:1)ascending order, such as fat,2)descending order,such as skeleton,3)parabolical order,such as digestive organs.The various tissues and organs were also characterized by specific periodism.The digestive organs grew more intensively during the nursing period,muscle grew at a faster rate at the 2-6-month stage.These periodic developmental features may be employed by swine breeders as bases to outline appropriate rearing programs.更多还原