【摘要】 三种细胞质遗传的玉米雄花不孕类型各有其专效的恢复系和部分恢复系。在 T 型细胞质基础上,测定出两对显性互补基因决定着花粉孕育性的恢复,同时还有显性修饰基因存在,影响其表现的程度。春播和夏播的不同环境条件只对部分恢复性的表现发生明显影响,对全恢复性和不孕性则很少能够改变。M 型恢复性的等位隐性基因在杂合株内对花粉粒具有某种致死或败育作用,故测交后代表现不分离现象。本文初步鉴定了若干常用自交系的 T 型恢复基因型,并以此作为根据,提出了配制全不去雄的玉米双交种的各种可能方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Four different types of cytoplasmic male sterility in maize were tested for their identityby use of the restoration technique.Male-sterile lines incorporated with cytoplasm of theTexas source were found to be completely affected in crosses by a group of restorers includ-ing W153,W28 and G32,and partially restored by W24,M14 and A34.This made a figure of6 restorers out of about 60 inbreds thus tested in the Texas cytoplasm.Inbreds W153 wasselected as a differential restorer for T-type steriles since it gave no reactions to the othertypes.For the Moldavia type of male sterility,formerly offered by Prof.Hadjinov,we founda partially restoring inbred W9 to be better suited for the similar purpose.The third andfourth type of male sterility,designated as B- and G-type,came through our own selectionsfrom two Bulgarian varieties.Separation between them seemed difficult.Since A374 gavepartial pollen fertility to the B-type steriles exclusively,it could be used as a differentiat orfor this type of cytoplasm.Pollen restoration in crosses involving W153 and W28 followed the expectation based ona dominant Mendelian gene.However,data obtained from segregating progenies of doublecrosses in which G32 was the restorer suggested strongly that two dominant complementarygenes were more workable.The difference in genotype of inbreds concerned in variousinvestigations seemed to be responsible for such inconsistent results.Segregating patterns in the Texas sterile crosses of the partial restorer,W24 or M14,varied with plants used as the pollen parent and with the date of planting.It appeared verylikely that W24 and M14 were heterozygous for major restorer genes since one sterile versionof W24 and four fully restoring lines of M14 had been established by conversion and test-cross-ing respectively.Dominant modifiers might also be present in either of the inbred popula-tions.In the presence of Moldavian cytoplasm the recessive allele of the restorer gene seemedto exert an abortive action to its pollen carriers produced by the heterozygote.When plantsheterozygous for the restorer gone were outcrossed to male steriles carrying the right cyto-plasm,all plants from the progenies proved to be pollen shedders.It was suggested that theM-type cytoplasm might be similar to that of S-type.Tentative genotypes related to pollen restoration of Texas male sterility had been workedout for a number of inbreds on the basis of two dominant complementary genes.Workingschemes for the production of double-cross seeds of maize without detasseling had been sum-marized and discussed by the authers.更多还原