【摘要】 <正> 自1911年Hammer氏应用冷冻真空干燥方法(以后简称冻干)保存细菌之后,曾有许多微生物学工作者如1921年Swift氏,1925年Brown氏,1935年Flosdorf & Mudd二氏,1944年Greaver氏及1947年Stamp氏等,在国内1951年王氏及白氏,1956年高氏,1957年冯氏及1959年谢氏,用此种方法保存细菌和病毒及血清,并证明微生物在真空干燥状态下保存,能保持其稳定性和长时期的生活力。因此,冷冻真空干燥方法,目前在微生物学、医药及食品工业等方面的使用已日渐广泛。但是在冻干操作过程中,由于客观条件的影响,对被干燥的细菌,特别对物理及化学因素比较敏感的霍乱弧菌、脑膜炎双球菌等经过冻干后存活率有显著的降低。我们从1951年以来,用小型冷冻真空干燥设备,进行干燥各类型菌种两千余株,根据我们及有关单位历年的使用观察及试验,结果尚称满意,为了今后继续提高冻干菌种工作的质量,我们选用了对冻干条件比较敏感的霍乱弧菌及相关水弧菌进行了试验,现将初步结果报告如下:更多还原

【Abstract】 In the application of lyophylization method for the preservation of bacteria andviruses, it is observed that vibrio cholerae, which are more susceptible to the physical andchemical factors, shows significant low survival rate. Therefore, the authors chose Vibriocholerae and related water vibrio as the subjects for the study in this report. Vibrio cholerae and the water vibrio were prepared in normal saline suspension res-pectively and lyophylized at -36℃. Vibrio cholerae and the water Vibrio showed thelowered survival rates of 47.5% and 47.3% after one hour freezing, and 0.045% and8.08% after 12 hours freezing, respectively. Vibrio cholerae were lyophylized with different kinds of adjuvant, such as skimmilk, egg yolk, horse serum, 5% mucin, at different temperatures, -36℃, -25℃,-4℃, for comparative study. The highest survival rate was obtained at -4℃. Vibrio cholerae in skim milk showed the highest survival rate of 76.8%; the watervibrio gave a survival rate of 33.31%. In 10% egg yolk, Vibrio cholerae and thewater Vibrio gave the lower survival rates of 10.1% and 20.5% respectively. The useof horse serum as adjuvant gave results next to that of the skim milk. Vibrio choleraein 5% mucin showed the lowest survival rate of 0.11%. The lyophylized strains had different water content according to different time in-tervals before sealing of the ampoules. As a rule, the longer time interval gave thehigher water content. The authors have preserved 76 strains of Vibrio cholerae with lyophylization methodreported for a long period of time. By checking up at different year intervals, we foundthat after 10 years storage still showed good survival rate, without any significant changein its morphology, biochemical and serological properties.更多还原