【摘要】 语言是一个物理现象。从物理的角度来研究语言的工作有着多方面的内容,其中最主要的一项是语音能谱的分析——包括各个音素的频谱分析和整个语言的平均频谱分析。所谓“平均”频谱,就是人们日常谈话时声压按频率的统计分布。它是设计传送语言的系统(电话、广播、电影录音等)时很重要的参考资料。本文所述的是测量汉语中的普通话和上海方言平均频谱的结果。测量时采取的是分析语噪声的方式,包括在万人以上的大会中的现场测量和在消声窒中的测量。语噪声方式比别的方式有着一定的优越性。文中列出了普通话和沪语的平均谱曲线,并将汉语(普通话)与匈牙利语和英语的平均谱作了比较。这一比较阐明了这几种不同语言的能量集中区域很少差别;同时在测量精确度较高的整个频程内,三种不同语言的频谱都有一定程度的符合,而表示汉语主要特征的在于它具有占优势并有声调变化的元音。本文还叙述了有关测量仪器的问题,提出了工作中的一些缺点及今后的展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 This report summurizes the preliminary work on the average spectrum of Chinese speech investigated by the Acoustics Laboratory (1956-1959), the principle of measurements being through the analysis of speech noise, a method1) found to be superior in many respects to the conventional method2) adopted by many authors. Both field3) and laboratory measurements were made and the spectra are presented.The average spectrum thus obtained from laboratory measurement (in an anechoic chamber) is compared with Tarnoczy’s for Hungarian speech, Dunn and White for English speech etc. While the similarities of the shapes of these spectral distribution curves support the findings of the visible speech4) and show that the maximum energy characterizing all these languages falls approximately within the same range of frequency, the differences may be ascribed essentially to some special linguistic and phonetic features of Chinese speech sounds such as the predominance and tonal quality of the vowel sounds5) etc.A somewhat detailed account of the experimental techniques is given together with factors that led to uncertainties of the result enumerated and possibilities for further refinement of the present work (e.g., more accurate measurement to be conducted above 5,000 c/s etc.) discussed.更多还原