【摘要】 对豫北平原几种主要沉积物发育的土壤进行了X射线分析、化学分析和偏光显微镜鉴定。结果表明在0.001毫米和0.01—0.1毫米粒级中,这几种土壤的矿物成份与沉积来源有关,而与土壤类型及土壤机械组成关系不大,这些沉积物发育的土壤的粘粒部份(小于0.001毫米)主要成份是水化云母,并有高岭石、蒙脱石和少量的蛭石。黄河沉积物所发育的土壤含蒙脱较多;漳河沉积物、黄土、次生黄土所发育的土壤次之;沁河沉积物所发育的土壤含蒙脱最少。在0.01—0.1毫米这一粒级中,原生矿物的轻矿物主要由石英、长石和云母组成。重矿物在黄河沉积物中以普通角闪石为主,沁河和漳河沉积物以磁铁矿为主。最后讨论了根据矿物组成来推测沉积物的来源的可能性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Investigations on the mineralogical properties of the important soils developed on sediments in Northern Honan made by X-ray diffraction, polarizing microscopic examination and chemical analysis showed that the mineralogical composition of the soil was closely related to the origin of the sediment materials, but not related to the soil types and the mechanical composition. The main constituent of the clay fraction (<1 micron) of the soils was hydrated micas, at the same time kaolinite, montmorillonite and a few vermiculite were also present. The content of montmorillonite was highest in the soils developed on the sediments of Yellow river, and it was lower in the soils developed on the primary and secondary loess and on the sediments of Zhang river, whereas the least content of montmorillonite was found in the soils developed on the sediments of Xin river.In the coarse soil particles, ranging from 10 to 100 microns, the light minerals were maimly composed of quartz, feldspars and micas. The heavy minerals in this fraction, however, varied with the origin of the soil. Hornblende was predominate in the soils developed on the sediments of Yellow river, and magnetite in the soils developed on the sediments of Xin river and Zhang river.The paper suggested the possibility of tracing the origin of the soil parent materials, as illustrated in the said areas, by their mineral composition.更多还原