【摘要】 <正> 合霉素是由左旋霉素和右旋霉素各半所组成的消旋霉素,1949年由苏联学者氏用化学方法合成;系浅黄色或无色结晶体,不溶于冷水,稍溶于热水,但在甲酵、乙醇及醋酮中极易溶解;性极稳定,易于保存,溶点151—153.5℃,分子结构更多还原

【Abstract】 Synthomycetin is an antibiotic composed of equal parts of levomycetin(chloramphenicol)and its dextro-rotatory isomer.After oral administration,it readily diffuses into the blood stream and is excreted mainly by the kidneys.It is not toxic to the tissues and calls of the body.Beginning from Jan.1956, we started a clinical trial of local-made Synthomy- cetin and in the course of a year we had treated 96 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers,133 cases of bacillary dysentery,7 cases each of acute gastro- enteritis and pyelo-nephritis and 3 cases of septicemia with satisfactory results.The in-vitro sensitivity tests were in close agreement with the in-vivo results. With regards to the clinical response,fatality rate and rate of relapse,the effect of Synthomycetin on typhoid and paratyphoid fevers is certainly not inferior to that of chloramphenicol;temperature returned,to normal in an average of 94.5 hours,the relapse rate and fatality rate being 9.4% and 3.1% respectively. Although the dosageof Synthomycetin is two times that of chloramphenicol,yet,with the excep- tion of skin manifestations,the former does not cause more toxic reactions than the latter;skin rashes occurred most frequently(5.3%),while nausea, vomiting trod diarrhea were only occasionally ob- served.Total white counts decreased in 28.3%, percentage of neutrophils lowered in 18.7%,and 4.3% developed granulocytopenia,but nota single case developed aplastic anemia.According to a recent report by Wu et al,Synthomycetin may cause psychological disorders with auditory and visual hallucinations,which are conditions to be closely watched for. The indications for use of Synthomycetin and chloramphenicol are similar local-made Synthomy- cetin may be used instead of imported chloram- phenicol.更多还原