【摘要】 <正> 贻贝养殖,在我国沿海地区已经广泛开展。贻贝人工育苗是解决贻贝养殖苗种的途径之一,尤其在自然苗缺乏的地区,或是为了选择优良品种出发,更有其重要意义。 我们在过去工作的基础上,于1972—1974年期间,在胶南县海水养殖场进行了贻贝生产性人工育苗试验。以后又在青岛进行了一些培养条件的研究。通过几年的工作,对于育苗的一些重要环节,尤其对于提高室内水池培养到附着阶段的成活率,和探索下海后掉苗的原因,已取得了一定的成果,使人工育苗生产初具规模。现将主要结果报告于下。更多还原

【Abstract】 To provide sufficient seeds for rapidly developing mussel culture, a series of experiments on large scale artificial rearing of mussel spats has been conducted since 1972.In 1973 and 1974, each year we produced over ten million spats in the seven indoor tanks with the total amount of sea water being 20 M3.In 1973, 6.69 million spats were harvested from a single concrete tank holding 2.4 M3 of seawater, and in 1974, 2.77 million spats were harvested from another concrete tank of the same capacity, giving outputs of 2.29 million and 1.15 million spats per cubic meter of tank water respectively. In 1974, the spats having been transplanted into the sea for some time, 2.50 million seed mussels about 2 cm in size were collected and distributed over an area of 10 mow (2/3 hectare) for further growth. Since the artificially reared spats were produced earlier than the natural ones, their growth started earlier too. In the spring of next year, the mussels reached shell sizes of more than 5 cm and were successfully harvested. This early experience proved that large scale artificial rearing of seed mussels is not only possible but also very promising.To improve the rearing technique, many experiments and observations have been going on since then.The results of feeding experiments demonstrate that feeding with Platymonas sp., maintained at a density of 3500-5000 cells per ml, requires shorter time for the larvae to reach the stage of metamorphosis (the earliest settlement occurred 15 days after feeding) at a higher survival rates.It has also been shown that soybean milk (1-8 ppm of soybean flour) is a good food for mussel larvae.Since it is cheap, easy to prepare and available at any time as required, it may be of great value as a substitute for algal food.Properly increasing the stocking density of straight hinge larvae is an effective way of obtaining high production of spats.Experiments showed that rearing with a stocking density of around 44 or 10 larvae per ml of tank water produced more spats than that with a stocking density of 3.5 larvae per ml.Pumping of culture medium with an electric pump of 0.125 kw did no harm to the larvae in it.This finding has greatly eased the transferring of larvae when necessary.Among different spat collecting materials, palm fiber (mattings), previously boiled and soaked in water, was found to be the best.In possesses the desirable features of being poisonless, non-decaying, rough, rich in crevices, etc.The causes of falling off of spats after transplantation has been studied and considered.To prevent the falling off of spats from the collecters after transplantation, we have tried some kind of “training” to the spats before and taken protective measures after transplantation. The results are fairly good.However, according to our observation and experience, selection of proper sites for transplantation is the most important factor. Clear water, less muddy bottom and calm sea are all favorable conditions.更多还原