【摘要】 <正> 影响蛾类趋光性和灯光诱蛾效果的因素很多。过去,国内外许多观察和实验都侧重在研究光源的辐射光谱和辐射强度以及气候条件的影响。至于蛾类的主要感光器官的适应状态怎样影响趋光性,却极少引起注意。 陈元光等(1963)曾经用电生理学的方法,测出粘虫蛾复眼的暗适应过程大约为30—45分钟。Agee(1972)用电生理方法研究复眼,发现美国棉铃虫复眼在暗适应中,达到最高灵敏度的时间为30分至285分,雌、雄的平均时间分别为88分和115分;美国烟青虫雌、雄蛾的平均时间分别为119分和121分。最近,李典谟等(1977)以复眼反射光的增强作为暗适应的指标,测出烟青虫蛾在暗室内暗适应时,复眼的转化速率很不一致。快的个体约经过1小时就达到最大反射值;慢的个体则需经过3小时,而绝大多数个体(79％)则在1—2(1/2)小时内。因此,他们推测在入夜后的一段时间里,田间昆虫的眼由昼眼转化为夜眼的情况是各不相同的,并且认为这种差异会影响成虫对于灯光发生不同的行为反应。棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)蛾是灯光防治的主要对象之一,为了进一步探索这个问题,我们认为有必要检查一下在日夜交替的自然暗适应条件下其复眼状态究竟是否一致,复眼状态怎样影响着趋光性,以便深入地了解夜蛾类趋光性的控制因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 During natural dark adaptation period from sunset to night,both the rate of tras-formation from day eye to night eye and the size of the glowing area after fully dark adaptation showed great variation among individuals of Heliothis armigera (Hubner).When the illumination intensity in the environment decreased to 0.27-0.60 lux,the average ratio of the diameter of the glowing area to the diameter of the compound eye was about 63.9% of that after fully dark adaptation.After half an hour,the average ratio reached 95.3%.The phototactic responses to a light source of 405 nm were different between moths which had been kept in the dark for 15,30,60 and 120 min.In the experiment with high light intensity,the shorter the dark adaptation,the stronger the response.But in the experiment with low light intensity,reversed result was obtained.In the latter experiment,if another light source of 554 nm existed simultaneously,then the total number trapped by the two light sources was 6.43 times of that trapped by one light source of 405 nm,after 15 min.of dark adaptation,but decreased after 120 min.of dark adaptation.It is considered that in the light trapping area,the behaviour of the moths with their eyes in the same adaptation state might be different if they were at different distances from a light source,and the behaviour of the moths with their eyes in different adaptation states might also be different even they were at the same distance from the light source.更多还原