【摘要】 麦秆蝇是华北春麦区的主要害虫。不同的春小麦品种受麦秆蝇为害程度存在着明显的差别。麦秆蝇对产卵植株有严格的选择性。抗虫品种的主要生育和形态特性是成熟早,尤其是前期生长快以及叶片基部窄、叶面茸毛长而密。本项工作从1960年开始,在内蒙西部前国营中滩农场进行。在当地,土壤盐渍化和锈病的危害也是小麦生产上的重要问题。因此,选育新品种的目标除高产及抗麦秆蝇外,还要求能耐盐碱和抗锈。从当时掌握的品种材料中,选丰产、抗锈、不倒伏的为亲本的一方。以抗麦秆蝇、耐盐碱的为亲本的另一方,进行杂交选育。1967年从自育品种中,选出了“6407”和“6410”两个品种应用于生产。1974年又出圃5个新品种。根据联合田间小区试验及大田生产的比较,“6410”较当地主要农家品种“小洋白”及主要推广品种“白欧柔”产量都高。选育的新品种都能抗麦秆蝇、耐盐碱、耐锈,在当地盐碱化较重、较瘠薄的土地上,表现出丰产的性能,缺点是抗倒伏能力还不强。已从1974年开始与一些新引进的矮秆品种杂交,以期选育出更好的新品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wheat stem maggot,Meromyza saltatrix Linnaeus,is the chief insect pest in the spring wheat belt in North China.The degree of infestation is obviously different among different spring wheat varieties.This fly shows strict oviposition preference,preferring wheat plants in specific growing stages and thereby early maturing varieties and also varieties with hairless,smooth leaves.This work was begun from 1960,carried out at the Chung-tan Agricultural Station in the western part of Inner Mongolia.In this region,alkaline soils and rust diseases are also serious problems in wheat production.Therefore,besides the resistance to the wheat stem maggot,the aims of wheat breeding include also the requirements of resistance or tolerance to alkaline soils and rust diseases.From the wheat varieties on hand at that time,varieties resistant to the wheat stem maggot and alkaline soils were crossed with proper high-yielding and rust resistant or tolerant varieties.In 1967,two new varieties bred out,"6410" and "6407",were put into wheat production.In 1974,another 5 varieties,"6528","6532","6548","6510" and "6556" were bred out.Accoring to union field plot tests at different localities and normal farm production,it is proved that "6410" yields more than the chief local variety,"Xiao-yang-bai" and the main variety in extension,"Bai-ou-rou",and is significantly resistant to the wheat stem maggot and tolerant to alkaline soils and rust diseases.But,with sufficient irrigation and fertilizers,"6410" is liable to suffer from lodging during ripening stage in case of storms.In order to get rid of this defect,since 1974,"6410" was crossed with some newly introduces varieties with short and stiff stems in search for even better new varieties.更多还原