【摘要】 <正> 辛普森(Simpson,1961)在他的《动物分类学原理》中一开始就写着:“许多权威主张分类工作只要去做,不应该多想。”这表明过去的分类学工作大都是因袭成规,不求甚解。公认林奈是分类学的奠基人,从《自然系统》第10版(1758)算起,这门学科217年来,受到达尔文(1859)《物种起源》,孟德尔(1900)遗传定律,赫胥黎(1940)《新系统学》,麦尔等(1942)《系统学及物种起源》的影响(Heywood,1964称为三次革命),但影响不大,灌输的新血液不多。“人类总是不断发展的,自然界也总是不断发展的,永远不会停止在一个水平上。”近十几年来对分类学的变革已经呼声四起,其中以生物化学方法、数值计算方法、新光学仪器的应用、国际命名法规的改革建议等较为突出。随着其他学科的发展,分类学也在变,有人指出“现在是电子计算机时代。”分类学也要朝这方向发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taxonomy is poised in an awkward situation in recent one or two decades and it probably foreshadows an inevitable scientific reform. The basic conceptions and scientific techniques have undergone rapid and drastic change. Although conventional taxonomy is doubtless continue to play an important role, the development of phene-tic or numerical approach is more and more to gain its precise formulation and adequate position. These two approaches are complementary rather than conflicting.Altogether 56 OTUs were undertaken in this study, comprising the partheno-genetic ovoviviparous alate aphids of 5 families, 12 subfamilies, 34 genera and 56 species and subspecies. A total of 100 characters was evaluated from all parts of the body, among which 23 were the ratios of two characters, 36 were qualitative characters converted into numerical values, and the rest were the direct measurements of head, thorax, abdomen and their appendages. Each measurement was mostly taken from 10 specimens and at least from 5 specimens in a few cases. Correlations and pheno-gram were calculated and constructed by means of cluster analysis. All data were computed and operated by the electronic computer made by the Institute of Computing Technology, Academia Sinica, Peking, China.The resulting phenogram showed that most aspects obtained in the present work are similar to the previous classifications. Five families may be recognized and many subfamilies are also agreeable with Borner’s system, except the OTU 33 has been isolated from the rest of Brachycolini and remained as a distinct subfamily rank. Some aphids such as OTUs 12, 28, 30, 31 failed to locate their ordinary positions, and the hierarchic structures seem inappropriate. OTUs 17 and 29 belonged to different genera; however, phenogram shows the correlation is high and both possess sound producing organs on the hind tibiae, hence transfer OTU 17 into Toxoptera is deemed more rational. After numerical analysis of the Bean aphid species-complex, it reveals distinctly that OTUs 20 and 21 ought to be the same species, and OTUs 23 and 24 are considered as at the species level.更多还原