【摘要】 麦秆蝇是小麦主要害虫之一,陕西关中地区每年发生4代。成虫盛发期在4月中下旬,5月下旬至6月中旬,7月中下旬,9月下旬至10月上旬,以幼虫在麦苗幼茎内越冬。寄主以小麦为主,大麦为次。每年秋苗期和春季拔节至孕穗期两次为害小麦。麦收后以落粒自生麦苗为夏季寄主。成虫羽化在早晨6—8时盛;羽化后取食补充性营养;苗期产卵在芽鞘上、拔节后在顶端第2、3叶基为多。幼由在苗期和拔节期入侵率高,孕穗期为次,抽穗以后不能入侵,在不同生育期植株上,入侵后表现害状不同。麦秆蝇的为害程度与栽培条件关系密切:早播小麦秋苗期受害重,晚播小麦在春季受害重;合理灌水、密植受害轻:施肥充足、土壤肥沃、生长良好的小麦受害轻。成虫发生期是药剂防治的良好时期。γ666粉剂、烟剂、液剂杀成虫均良好,E605既能杀成虫又具一定的杀卵能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wheat stem fly, Meromyza saltatrix (Linn.), is a serious pest in the wheat regionand has four generations a year in the central part of Shensi. The adults emerge mostlyin the second or third decade of April, from the third decade of May to the seconddecade of June, in the second or third decade of July and from the third decade ofSeptember to the first decade of October. It overwinters as larva in the stem of theyoung wheat plant. The most important host plant is wheat, while barley comes next.The larva injures wheat two times a year, the first time in late August and the secondin spring when the wheat plant is in the period of shooting and earing. It passes sum-mer in plants grown from scattered seeds after harvest. Most of the adults emergeabout 6--8 o’clock in the morning. They take some supplementary food after emergence.The eggs are laid chiefly on the plumule sheath during the early period and then on thebasal portion of the second to third leaves from the tip. The percentage of injury bythe larvae is higher during the young-plant period and the period of shooting of the stemthan the period of earing. They cannot attack those plants, the ears of which have al-ready appeared. The plant shows different signs of injury at different stages of develop-ment. The degree of injury caused by the wheat stem fly depends closely on the condi-tions of cultivation. Wheat sown early suffers more seriously during the young-plantperiod, while wheat sown late suffers more during spring. Proper irrigation and closeplanting lessen the injury. Varieties with shorter periods of growth and, development,thinner stems and narrower leaf blades and those more hairy and waxy are only slightlyinjured. Wheat plants in well-manured fields or fields of high fertility and plants grow-ing in good condition are also slightly injured. The adult stage is the best period forcontrol. The powders, aerosol and suspension fluids of BHC are all very effective againstthe adults. Parathion (E-605) kills not only the adults but also to a certain extent theeggs.更多还原