【摘要】 本文报告研究X射线对东亚飞蝗精母细胞成熟分裂和精子分化扰乱的结果。 当蝗蝻进入五龄后12-24小时,用X射线进行一次全身照射,照射剂量为200,500,1000和1500伦。在照射后4—7天取睾丸作涂片,用佛来明氏和 FAA液固定,海登韩氏苏木精或孚尔根反应染色。有时也用相差显微镜对细胞作活体观察。 X射线对飞蝗精母细胞成熟分裂的扰乱主要在引起染色体桥和染色体碎片;在大剂量照射后甚至使染色体粘着成团,阻碍了细胞分裂,或由于破坏纺锤体使染色体分布散乱。 由精母细胞畸形分裂所产生的精子细胞带有许多染色体碎片,这些碎片中形体较大者形成各种大小的微核。 X射线对精子分化的扰乱在于产生各种畸形精子。在精子变态过程中,常见的变化有精子头部(胞核)后端分叉以及由第二次成熟分裂时子核不离开结果而形成的双头精子。 上述的染色体桥和碎片,微核及畸形精子——它们的数量都和照射剂量有密切的关系。作者曾用统计学方法作了分析,计算出经验公式,并分别作了配线。这些曲线都是属于指数型的,作者对它们的意义也作了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper reports the results of studies on the disturbance by X-rays to the ma-turation divisions of the spermatocytes and the differentiation of spermatozoa in Locustamigratoria manilensis Meyen. After 12—24-hour life of fifth instar, the larvae of Locusta were subjected to whole-body irradiations, the doses used being 200,500,1000 and 1500 roentgens. Four toseven days after irradiation, the testes of the insects were taken out from which smearpreparations were made. The preparations were fixed in Flemming’s or FAA solutionand stained in Heidenhain’s haematoxylin or with Feulgen reaction method. Occasional-ly, the phase-contrast microscope was used to examine the cells in living state. The disturbance by X-rays to the maturation divisions of the spermatocytes inLocusta may be seen in the production of anaphasic chromosome bridges and fragments;and, after high-dose irradiations, the chromosomes may either stick together to formclumps thereby inhibiting mitosis, or become randomly dispersed within the cell with thedestruction of its spindle. The spermatids derived from the abnormally divided spermatocytes may possess oneto several chromosomal fragments among which the comparatively larger ones form themicronuclei of various sizes. The disturbance of the differentiation of sperms caused by X-rays is manifested bythe production of numerous abnormal sperms, the most frequent changes are found beingthe cleavage at the hind part of the sperm head (i.e., nucleus) as well as double heads,resulting from the non-disjunction of the daughter-nuclei during the second maturationdivision of spermatogenesis. The above mentioned chromosome bridges, fragments, micronuclei and abnormalsperms—the number of all types of aberrations is intimately associated with the dosesirradiated. The authors have analyzed their frequencies by means of statistical methodsand calculated for each an empirical formula and plotted corresponding theoreticalcurve. These curves are all of the exponential type, and their significance has been dis-cussed.更多还原