【摘要】 白翅叶蝉是福建省水稻的重要害虫,苗期受害严重者,整片稻苗苍白,甚至枯死;早稻孕穗、抽穗期常大量发生为害,影响谷粒饱满度,造成减产。福州和闽侯地区一年发生4代,部分5代。成虫越冬。冬季日平均温度达11℃以上时仍能取食为害。春季成虫侵入稻田,4月下旬前后大量产卵,5月中旬虫数激增,5月下旬或6月初达到高峰。早稻收割时由于农事活动引致若虫大量死亡。晚稻田于8、9月虫数较多,但危害不如早稻严重。10月中旬以后成虫逐渐离开稻田,迁往越冬场所。 寄主植物幼嫩茂密和较大湿度的小生境有利于白翅叶蝉的发育繁殖。大发生的气候因子主要是春季多雨。适宜的温湿度范围为温度20—25℃,相对湿度85—90％。 DDT单独使用或DDT与666混用防治白翅叶蝉都能收到满意的效果。早稻秧田宜在播种后两周施药防治;本田于5月中旬虫口密度开始增长之际施药,亦能抑制为害。冬季小麦出土以前清除田边杂草,也是一项有效的防治措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The leafhopper, Empoasca subrufa Melichar is one of the important insect pests ofrice, wheat, sugarcane, sorghum, etc. in South China. The plants thus damaged willshow numerous white spots on the leaves. The rice seedlings, under serious attack, witherrapidly. While at the later stage of development of rice it reduces the seed weight. The present study, conducted during 1957--1959 in Foochow and Minhou of Fukienprovince, deals with the biology of the insect. Four and sometimes five generations ayear are usually found. At the last generation the adults occur in October and Novem-ber in rice field, and after the crop has been harvested, they move to wheat and sugar-cane fields and to other cereal weeds along the sides of streams, pool and ponds wherethey overwinter. During the winter its destructive activity is still going on when theaverage daily temperature is above 11℃. The longevity of the female adults in summeris about 33 days, and the male adults 21 days, whereas that of the last generationadults lasts about 7 months. The duration of the egg stage in different generations variesfrom 5 to 14 days. The nymphal stage in different generations varies from 18--24 days.In summer, the preoviposition stage takes about 15 days. The adult lays its eggs singly in the midrib of the leaf of rice. In the earlier stageof the growth of rice, eggs are laid in the first and second leaves from the base, whileat the later stage, eggs are found mostly in the third leaf. In day time it rests uponthe upper and the middle parts of the crop. It moves higher toward the morning andevening. At mid-day it goes downward. It begins to appear in the rice field in March and then multiplies rapidly in May orJune. The population, decreasing during July and August, rises again in September. Theraining season in spring favors its growth and multiplication. In the control of this leafhopper, it is advisable to use: 1) 25% DDT emulsionmixed with wettable 6% γ BHC in 1:1:500, 2) a mixed powder of 5% DDT and0.5% γ BHC in 1:1 concentration, 3) an emulsion of 25% DDT in 1:300--400 partsof water, and 4) a powder of 2.5--5% DDT. Besides, based upon the study of its lifehistory and habits, clearing of weeds in winter before the wheat emerges is also con-sidered effective.更多还原